论西方文艺知识场域与实践场域的分裂

On the Division of the Knowledge Field of Art and the Practice Field of Art in the West

19世纪末至20世纪初,西方文艺知识与文艺实践逐渐发生场域上的分裂。文艺知识重视理论与理性,是哲学领域的话语产物;文艺实践聚焦于自由与自律,是政治领域的话语产物。从哲学―美学―政治的文艺场域演进史来看,二者之间的分裂本质上为现代性问题,即于内在逻辑层面为作为主体人的理性认识与知识结构的互相作用,于外在逻辑层面为启蒙现代性与审美现代性的互相矛盾。在以现代性进程为客观历史的依据中考察这两层逻辑关系,可知文艺知识场域在生产理性知识权力的同时,为文艺实践创造了合法性条件,而文艺实践场域在反对文艺知识场域的制度化的同时,亦继承了文艺知识场域的知识结构。文艺实践场域对知识场域及其自身的反抗与超越,不仅体现了文艺界内部的审美话语逻辑,而且反映了连续与断裂相互交织的现代性本质。

From the end of the 19;century to the beginning of the 20;century,the knowledge field of art and the practice field of art gradually split in the west.The knowledge of art advocates theory and rationality,which is the product of discourse in the field of philosophy;the practice of art advocates freedom and self-discipline,which is the product of discourse in the political field.From the perspective of the evolution history of the artistic field of philosophy-aesthetics-politics,the division between the two is essentially a problem of modernity,that is,in the internal logical level,the division is the result of the interaction between rational epistemology and knowledge structure of human as the subject,and in the external logical level,is the result of the contradiction between enlightenment modernity and aesthetic modernity.Examining these two layers of logical relations based on the objective history of the development of modernity,we can learn that the knowledge field of art creates legitimacy conditions for the practice field of art while producing rational knowledge power,whereas the latter inherits the knowledge structure of the former while opposing the institutionalization of the former.The resistance and transcendence of the practice field of art to the knowledge field of art not only reflects the aesthetic logic of discourse within the art world,but also reflects the essence of modernity which combines continuity and fracture.