广西柳州农村地区新型冠状病毒疫苗接种情况和犹豫性调查及其影响因素分析

Investigation on new coronavirus vaccine vaccination situation and hesitation and analysis of influencing factors in rural areas of Liuzhou,Guangxi

目的了解广西柳州农村地区居民对新型冠状病毒疫苗(新冠疫苗)的接种率、犹豫率及其影响因素,为提高疫苗覆盖率提供参考。方法于2021年10月10日至2021年11月10日通过问卷星的方式对广西柳州农村地区居民进行问卷调查,分析广西柳州农村地区居民新冠疫苗接种及犹豫情况,并对人口学资料进行单因素分析,对于影响疫苗犹豫的相关因素进行多因素logistic回归分析,优势比(OR)>1和95%置信区间(95%CI)>1为疫苗犹豫的危险因素。计数资料使用χ^(2)检验。结果本次调查共收到1033份问卷,1033名调查对象中男532人(51.5%)、女501人(48.5%),年龄(55.2±18.7)岁。在广西柳州的疫苗接种及犹豫调查的1033名居民中,1023名(99.0%)居民已经接种新冠疫苗,但仍有10名(1.0%)居民对于接种新冠疫苗犹豫不决。通过logistic回归分析可知,认为疫苗能有效避免新冠病毒(OR=0.507,95%CI 0.278~0.924)、认为个人防护可避免新冠肺炎(OR=1.610,95%CI 1.012~2.563)、认为国内风险不高无需接种(OR=1.846,95%CI 1.052~3.241)、认为治疗手段完善无需接种(OR=2.734,95%CI 1.594~4.690)、认为疫苗存在风险(OR=3.831,95%CI 2.230~6.581)、认为身体有基础疾病(OR=4.148,95%CI 2.554~6.735)、担心疫苗副作用(OR=4.694,95%CI 2.742~8.034)、担心疫苗是假冒伪劣或过期产品(OR=2.191,95%CI 1.206~3.981)、担心疫苗接种人员操作不规范(OR=2.290,95%CI 1.295~4.051)、认为疫苗是安全的但有效性不高(OR=2.742,95%CI 1.371~5.483)、不知道去哪里接种(OR=1.772,95%CI 1.118~2.807)均是导致居民新冠疫苗接种犹豫的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论解决疫苗犹豫的影响因素,增强人们对于疫苗的认知,提高疫苗接种率,是实现群体免疫的关键,也是消灭这一流行病的最终方法。疫情防控良好,疫苗犹豫影响因素的调查对农村地区的预防工作具有一定的参考作用。

Objective To understand the vaccination rate,hesitation rate,and influencing factors of new coronavirus vaccine among residents in rural areas of Liuzhou,Guangxi,and to provide references for improving the vaccine coverage rate.Methods From October 10,2021 to November 10,2021,a questionnaire survey was conducted on residents in rural areas of Liuzhou,Guangxi by means of Questionnaire Star,analyzing the situation of new coronavirus vaccine vaccination and hesitation among residents in rural areas of Liuzhou,Guangxi.Univariate analysis was conducted on the demographic data and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted on related factors affecting vaccine hesitation,factors with odds ratio(OR)>1 and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)>1 were the risk factors for vaccine hesitation.χ^(2) test was used for the count data.Results A total of 1033 questionnaires were received.Among the 1033 respondents,532 cases(51.5%)were males and 501 cases(48.5%)were females,aged(55.2±18.7)years.Among the 1033 residents surveyed on vaccination and hesitance in Liuzhou,Guangxi,1,023 residents(99.0%)had already received new coronavirus vaccine,but 10 residents(1.0%)were still hesitant to get vaccinated.According to the logistic regression analysis,believing that the vaccine is effective against COVID-19(OR=0.507,95%CI 0.278-0.924),believing that the personal protection can prevent COVID-19(OR=1.610,95%CI 1.012-2.563),believing no need for vaccination because the domestic risk is not high(OR=1.846,95%CI 1.052-3.241),believing no need for vaccination because the treatment is perfect(OR=2.734,95%CI 1.594-4.690),believing that vaccines are risky(OR=3.831,95%CI 2.230-6.581),considering the underlying diseases(OR=4.148,95%CI 2.554-6.735),worrying about the side effects of vaccine(OR=4.694,95%CI 2.742-8.034),worrying about fake or expired vaccines(OR=2.191,95%CI 1.206-3.981),fear of improper operation of vaccination personnel(OR=2.290,95%CI 1.295-4.051),believing that the vaccine is safe but ineffective(OR=2.742,95%CI 1.371-5.483),and not knowing where to get vaccinated(OR=1.772,95%CI 1.118-2.807)were all risk factors for residents'hesitation in new coronavirus vaccine vaccination(all P<0.05).Conclusions Solving the influencing factors of vaccine hesitation,enhancing people's awareness on vaccines,and increasing the vaccination coverage are the key to achieving herd immunity and the ultimate way to eliminate the epidemic.The epidemic prevention and control is good,and the investigation on the factors affecting vaccine hesitation has a certain reference value for the prevention work in rural areas.