某专科医院不同年龄护士对其护理工作环境认知的状况分析

Cognition of nurses of different ages about their nursing work environment in a specialized hospital

目的深入了解不同年龄护理人群对其护理工作环境的认知情况,为改进医院护理管理和快速提高护理工作质量提供科学指导。方法于2020年7月9日至7月22日期间统计分析广州市胸科医院≤25岁、25~30岁、>30~35岁、>35~40岁、>40~45岁、>45~50岁以及>50岁7个年龄段护士人群(249人)对护理工作环境量表(PES-NWI)5个维度31个条目的Likert 4级计分调查结果,进行横断面研究,比较5个维度的Likert 4级分类的构成和31个条目的Likert 4级计分情况,采用卡方检验和F检验。结果按“非常不同意”“不同意”“同意”“非常同意”Likert 4级计分(分别计1、2、3、4分),护士参与医院事务、高质量护理服务的基础、充足的人力和物力、护理管理者的能力及领导方式和医护合作5个维度的4级分类百分构成在各年龄段护士人群间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),31个条目的Likert 4级计分值在不同年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05);按6类人群31个条目划分为217个板块,以评分≤2.5分、2.5~3.0分、>3.0分将护理工作环境分为“不良”“好”“优”3个等次,3个等次的板块数分别为18个、127个和72个,分别占8.29%、58.53%和33.18%;在18个“不好”等次板块中,13个板块来自“护士参与医院事务”维度的6个条目、5个板块来自“充足的人力和物力”维度的2个条目,其中有5个板块指向“护理人员有机会参与医院的管理决策”条目、4个板块指向“科室有充足的支持设备让我有更多的时间护理患者”条目。结论各年龄段护士对其工作环境的期待值不同,在医院护理管理中应予分类施策;同时,如何提高护士在医院中的地位以及加强护理支持技术应予足够重视。

Objective To deeply understand the cognition of nurses of different ages about their nursing work environment and to provide scientific guidance for improving hospital nursing management and the quality of nursing work.Methods The results of Likert 4 grades of 31 items in 5 dimensions of Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index(PES-NWI)in the≤25,25-30,>30-35,>35-40,>40-45,>45-50,and>50 years old groups(249 cases)from July 9 to 22,2020 at Guangzhou Chest Hospital were statistically analyzed and compared by Chi-square test and F-test.This was a cross-sectional study.Results"Strongly disagree","Disagree","Agree",and"Strongly agree"were scored from 1 to 4 points on the Likert 4 grades.There were statistical differences in the percentages of the 4-level classification of nurses'participation in hospital affairs,basis of high-quality nursing service,sufficient human and material resources,ability and leadership of nurse managers,and doctor-nurse cooperation between the different age groups(all P<0.05).There were statistical differences in the Likert 4 scores of 31 items between the different age groups(all P<0.05).According to the 31 items of 6 groups of people,it was divided into 217 sections,and the nursing work environment was divided into 3 grades,"poor","good",and"excellent",according to the score≤2.5,2.5-3.0,>3.0.The numbers of the 3 grades were 18,127,and 72,accounting for 8.29%,58.53%,and 33.18%,respectively.Among the 18"poor"sub-sections,13 sections came from 6 items in the dimension of"nurse's participation in hospital affairs",and 5 sections from 2 items in the dimension of"sufficient human and material resources".In addition,there were 5 sections associated with the items"nursing staff have the opportunity to participate in hospital management decisions"and 4 sections associated with the items"the department has adequate support equipment so that I have more time to care for patients".Conclusions There are different expectations for their working environment by nurses of different age groups,and they should be classified and implemented in hospital nursing management.Meanwhile,how to improve the status of nurses in the hospital and to strengthen nursing support technology should be given enough attention.