金代六部尚书兼官现象考论

A study on the phenomenon about the chiefs of the six ministries to hold other posts concurrently in the Chin Dynasty

金代六部尚书是分掌六部事务的长官,其兼官现象能在一定程度上反映金朝的政治特色。金初六部尚书的兼官情况带有深刻的“女真旧俗”烙印,反映出金初六部体制发展的不完善。在官制汉化改革逐渐完成和内部局势趋于稳定后,金代六部尚书的职权实现正常化,此时的金代六部尚书兼官现象可分为“量才而授”和“品职分立”两大类型。“量才而授”的兼官现象还可再细分为“官职执掌取向”和“官员素质取向”两种;“品职分立”的兼官现象则体现出金代六部尚书的“品位化”趋向,这类兼官现象是金朝职官制度发展的新产物,且对金朝政治产生了重要影响。

The chiefs of the six ministries in the Chin Dynasty were the officers who were respectively managing the affairs of six ministries,and the phenomenon of holding the concurrent post could reflect the political feature of the Chin Dynasty to a certain extent.This phenomenon in the early years of the Chin Dynasty had a deep imprint about the“old Jurchen customs”,which reflected the imperfect development level of the system of the six ministries at the moment.With the completion of the official system reform and the gradual stability of the internal situation,the authority of the chiefs of the six ministries in the Chin Dynasty was normalized.At that time,the phenomenon that the chiefs of the six ministries concurrently held other government posts could be divided into two types:“being appointed by capability”and“being separated with rank and position”.The type about the“being appointed by capability”could be subdivided into the“duty orientation”and the“competency orientation”.And the type about the“being separated with rank and position”reflected the“personnel rank”tendency of the chiefs of the six ministries in the Chin Dynasty.This phenomenon was a new outcome of the development of the official system in the Chin Dynasty,and it also had an important impact on the politics of the Chin Dynasty.