《反洗钱法》立法目的反思与重构

The Reflection and Reconstruction of Legislative Purpose Anti-Money Laundering Law of the People's Republic of China

反洗钱是预防、监测和打击违法犯罪行为的综合治理手段。现行《反洗钱法》以预防为定位的立法目的不能体现其“金融情报中心”的工作特征。以“维护金融秩序”为目的的条文表述混淆了反洗钱保护的法益和洗钱手段之间的关系,“维护司法秩序”的理论学说也只能适用于刑事法律的法益解释。“遏制洗钱犯罪及相关犯罪”的立法借鉴未能考虑语境差异下“犯罪”概念的区别,使非犯罪的违法行为脱离了反洗钱的遏制范围,导致国际沟通的误解。《反洗钱法》的立法目的应回归其行政法和经济法的法律属性,修改其立法目的“为预防、识别、遏制洗钱及相关违法活动,维护国家对违法所得及其他涉案财物的没收和追缴秩序,制定本法”。

Anti-money laundering is a comprehensive means to prevent,monitor and combat illegal and criminal acts.The current Anti-money laundering law,that legislative purpose is to prevent money laundering,cannot reflect the working characteristics of its“financial intelligence center”.The expression of the articles aiming at“maintaining financial order”confuses the relationship between the legal interest of Anti-money laundering protection and the means of money laundering,and the theory of“maintaining judicial order”can only be applied to the interpretation of the legal interest of criminal law.The legislative reference of“curbing money laundering crime and related crimes”fails to consider the difference of the concept of“crime”under the context difference,which makes the non criminal illegal acts out of the scope of Anti-money laundering and leads to the misunderstanding of international communication.The legislative purpose of the Anti-money laundering law should return to its administrative and economic legal attributes,and revise its legislative purpose to“formulate this Law for the purpose of preventing,identifying and curbing money laundering and related illegal activities,and maintaining the state's order of confiscation and recovery of illegal income and other property involved in the case”.