论我国涉兴奋剂犯罪的刑法规制——困境与进路分析

The Criminal Regulations for Anti - doping in China——The Dilemma And Approach

要实现我国竞技体育的健康发展以及体育强国的目标,涉兴奋剂犯罪之刑事规制的完善十分必要。梳理涉兴奋剂犯罪的相关罪名,从理论层面发现我国涉兴奋剂犯罪的刑事立法存在罪名分散、附属刑法形式化、行为类型不完善、刑罚配置不合理等问题,进而限制了兴奋剂法治治理进程。通过比较研究,借鉴欧洲诸体育强国打击兴奋剂犯罪的相关立法经验,提出几点立法完善建议:确立独立的体育法益,在相关附属刑法中制定罪刑罚则,乃至在条件成熟时制定专门的《反兴奋剂法》;增设非法提供兴奋剂罪,弥补对供应型行为打击之不足。同时,注重罚金刑和资格刑在打击涉兴奋剂犯罪中的独特价值,以期实现刑罚配置的科学化。

In order to achieve the healthy development of competitive sports in China and the goal of becoming a strong sports power,it is very necessary to improve the criminal regulation of doping-related crimes.Through a comprehensive inspection of doping-related crimes,it is found that the criminal legislation of anti-doping crimes in China is imperfect from the theoretical level because of the scattered charges,the formalized subsidiary criminal law,the incomplete behavior types and the unreasonable punishment,thus restricting the process of doping governance in China.Through comparative studies,drawing on the relevant legislative experience of the European sports powers in cracking down on doping crimes,we put forward the following suggestions:to establish independent sports law interests,and to formulate provisions for crimes and penalties in relevant subsidiary criminal laws,even to formulate special anti-doping laws when necessary.Creating the crime of illegally supply doping,to make up for the insufficiency on crack down supply behavior;At the same time,we should pay attention to the unique value of fine punishment and qualification punishment in cracking down on doping-related crimes,in order to realize the scientific allocation of punishment.