嘉宝果不同发育期花果叶的挥发性成分分析

Volatile Components in Flowers,Fruits and Leaves of Jaboticaba at Different Developmental Stages

为了解嘉宝果(Myrciaria cauliflora)的挥发性成分,利用顶空-气相色谱/质谱联用技术对其不同发育期的花、果、叶的挥发性成分进行测量。结果表明,萜烯类是花、果、叶的主要挥发性成分,随开花进程呈增加趋势,随果实和叶片成熟进程而下降,单萜类是其中的优势成分,主要有α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、D-柠檬烯、β-罗勒烯等;花苞期、初花期和嫩叶以β-蒎烯含量最高,盛花期和老叶以α-蒎烯最高,末花期和果实中均以D-柠檬烯含量最高,嫩叶中α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯的总含量高达62.07%。酯类在花期中以初花期含量最高(16.92%),在果实中以完熟期含量最高(14.81%),老叶中酯类含量(4.35%)显著高于嫩叶(0.26%)。因此,α-蒎烯和β-蒎烯是花、果、叶共有主香成分,柳酸甲酯和苯乙醇是花苞期和初花期特征主香成分,毕澄茄烯是完熟果特征风味物质,β-石竹烯是嫩叶特征主香成分,桉叶油醇和β-胡椒烯是老叶特征主香成分。

In order to undertand the volatile components in Myrciaria cauliflora,the contents of volatile components in flowers,fruits and leaves at different development stages were measured by using HS-GC-MS(head space-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry)technology.The results showed that terpenes were the main components in flowers,fruits and leaves,increasing with flowering process,but decreasing with fruit and leaf development.The monoterpenes were the dominant component in terpenes,mainly includingα-pinene,β-pinene,D-limonene andβ-ocimene.The content ofβ-pinene was the highest in the budding stage,early flowering stage and young leaf,the content ofα-pinene was the highest in the full bloom stage and old leaf,the content of D-limonene was the highest in the late flowering stage and the whole development stage of fruit.The total content of pinene(α-pinene+β-pinene)in young leaves was high for 62.07%.The content of esters(16.92%)in the early flowering stage was the highest among flowering stages,and that in mature stage was the highest(14.81%)among fruit development stages,which in old leaves(4.35%)was significantly higher than that in young leaves(0.26%).Therefore,α-pinene andβ-pinene were the main common aroma component of flowers,fruits and leaves,methyl salicylate and phenylethanol were the main characteristic aroma components in bud stage and early flowering stage,and cubebene was the characteristic flavor component of mature fruits,β-caryophyllene was the main characteristic aroma component of young leaves,eucalyptol andβ-copaene were the main characteristic aroma component of old leaves.