护士主导的居家饮食护理对直肠癌患者膳食营养及生存质量的影响

Influence of Nurse-Led Home Dietary Care on Dietary Nutrition and Quality of Life in Patients with Rectal Cancer

目的探讨护士主导的居家饮食护理对直肠癌患者膳食营养及生存质量的影响。方法选取郑州人民医院(南部院区)2019年10月至2021年10月收治的82例直肠癌患者,以计算机完全随机分组法将其分为试验组(41例)、参照组(41例)。参照组接受一般护理,试验组在参照组的基础上增加护士主导的居家饮食护理,共干预3个月。对比两组患者干预前后膳食营养、营养状况、生存质量。结果两组干预前膳食营养、营养状况及生活质量核心问卷(QLQ-C30)评分相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。干预后,试验组膳食中蛋白总量、能量总量、膳食纤维总量、脂肪总量均高于参照组(P<0.05);试验组体质量指数(BMI)、前清蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清白蛋白(TP)水平均高于参照组(P<0.05);试验组QLQ-C30问卷中躯体、角色、情绪、认知、社会评分均高于参照组,疼痛、食欲下降、疲劳评分均低于参照组(P<0.05)。结论护士主导的居家饮食护理可以改善直肠癌患者膳食结构和营养状况,有利于提高患者的生存质量。

Objective To explore the effect of nurse-led home dietary care on dietary nutrition and quality of life in patients with rectal cancer.Methods A total of 82 patients with rectal cancer who were admitted to Zhengzhou People's Hospital(Southern Branch)from October 2019 to October 2021 were selected and divided into experimental group(41 cases)and reference group(41 cases)by computer randomization method.The reference group received general nursing care,and the experimental group received nurse-led home dietary care on the basis of the reference group.The intervention lasted for a total of 3 months.The dietary nutrition,nutritional status and quality of life of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention were compared.Results There was no statistical difference in dietary nutrition,nutritional status and the scores of quality of life questionnaire core 30(QLQ-C30)between the two groups before intervention(P>0.05).After the intervention,the total amount of protein,total energy,total dietary fiber and total fat in the diet of the experimental group were higher than those of the reference group(P<0.05).The levels of body mass index(BMI),prealbumin(PAB),hemoglobin(Hb),and serum albumin(TP)in the experimental group were higher than those in the reference group(P<0.05).The scores of body,role,emotion,cognition,society in the QLQ-C30 questionnaire of the experimental group were higher than those of the reference group,and the scores of pain,decreased appetite,fatigue were lower than those of the reference group(P<0.05).Conclusion Nurses-led home dietary care can improve the dietary structure and nutritional status of patients with rectal cancer,and is conducive to improving the quality of life of patients.