秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙养分水平与果实品质相关性分析

Correlation analysis between nutrition level and fruit quality of Zigui‘Newhall’navel orange

通过分析湖北省秭归县‘纽荷尔’脐橙园土壤、叶片、果实等养分水平及其与果实品质的关系,为秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙科学合理施肥提供理论依据。对秭归县71个‘纽荷尔’脐橙果园土壤、叶片养分及果实品质进行测定,运用相关与回归分析,建立多元回归方程。秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙果园土壤存在酸化趋势,pH值平均为4.88;土壤有机质含量平均为21.51 g/kg,处于适宜范围的比例高达98%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷处于不足水平的比例分别为55%、34%;土壤速效钾处于高量及过量水平的比例达58%。叶片氮处于不足水平的比例达59%,叶片磷处于不足水平的比例为47%。叶片钾适量与过量的比例分别为55%与38%。秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙可溶性固形物和果皮厚度均值分别为14.83%和4.15 mm,100%达到脐橙优等果固形物与果皮厚度的要求;果实可滴定酸较高,平均含量为1.59%,果实固酸比符合优等果和一等果要求的比例分别为24.5%和38.8%。土壤氮、磷、钾与果实的氮、磷、钾养分之间无显著相关性,叶片中磷与果实磷、钾为极显著相关,与果实氮显著相关。果实单果重、硬度、果形指数、果面红绿色、可溶性固形物、可食率均与果实氮磷钾含量呈显著相关。秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙栽培管理应重视有机肥施用及酸性土改良,通过速效性肥料少量多次施用来提高土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量,适当减轻钾肥的投入,根据果实养分带走量实现“以果定肥”,进行精准施肥管理,减少肥料浪费。

The nutrient contents of the soil,leaves,fruits of the‘Newhall’navel orange orchard in Zigui county,Hubei province and their relationship with fruit quality were analyzed in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific and rational fertilization of‘Newhall’navel orange in Zigui county.The soil,leaf nutrients and fruit quality of 71‘Newhall’navel orange orchards in Zigui county,Hubei province were determined,and multiple regression equations were established by correlation analysis and regression analysis.The results showed that there was a trend of soil acidification and the average soil pH value was 4.88.The average content of soil organic matter was 21.51 g/kg,and the proportion of soil organic matter in the proper range was as high as 98%.The proportion of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus below the appropriate level were 55%and 34%,respectively,and the proportion of soil available potassium at high and excessive level was 58%.The leaf nitrogen was low and the proportion at deficiency level was 59%,and the proportion of leaf phosphorus at deficiency level was 47%.The proportion of proper and excessive potassium in leaves were 55%and 38%,respectively.The average soluble solids and pericarp thickness of navel orange were 14.83%and 4.15 mm,respectively,100%of which met with the requirements of excellent fruit solids and pericarp thickness.The fruit had a relatively high titratable acid content,with an average content of 1.59%,and the ratio of fruit solid to acid in accordance with the requirements of superior fruit and first-class fruit were 24.5%and 38.8%,respectively.There was no significant correlation between soil nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and fruit nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients,but there was a very significant correlation between leaf phosphorus and fruit phosphorus and potassium and a significant correlation between leaf phosphorus and fruit nitrogen.Fruit weight,firmness,fruit shape index,red-green fruit surface,soluble solids and edible rate were significantly correlated with fruit nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium contents.The cultivation and management of Zigui‘Newhall’navel orange should pay attention to the application of organic fertilizer and the improvement of acid soil,increase the content of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus through multiple applications with reducing amount of fertilizers,and reduce the input of potassium fertilizer properly.According to the fruit nutrients,accurate fertilization management should be realized to reduce fertilizer waste.