军队护士在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控期间心理体验的质性研究

Qualitative research on the psychological experience of military nurses sent for urgent medical mission against novel coronavirus disease

目的了解军队护士在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控期间的心理状态,为今后执行类似救援任务时,建立长效的心理干预机制,降低护士的心理压力,更好地完成任务提供理论依据。方法采用目的抽样方法,选取新型冠状病毒肺炎防控期间支援武汉的一线13名执行完任务的军队护士进行深入访谈,采用微信视频和录音的方法,并基于Colaizzi七步分析法对资料进行分析,归纳出主题。结果经资料整理和分析,共提炼出4个主题:(1)生理应激反应:睡眠紊乱、躯体化症状、体力耗竭;(2)负性心理体验:恐惧、紧张焦虑、内疚;(3)正性心理体验:感动、职业自豪感、使命感和责任感;(4)单一应对方式。结论应重视救援护士在执行任务过程中的负性心理体验,采取有效的应对方式来降低心理压力,护理管理者需建立应急储备人才库,加强技能培训和心理教育,提高护士应对灾难的技能水平和心理调适能力,保证护士的身心健康和各类任务的高效完成。

Objective To understand the psychological state of military nurses during the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus disease,so as to provide theoretical evidence for the establishment of a long-standing psychological intervention mechanism,relief of psychological stress,and better fulfilment of such missions in the future.Methods By using the purpose sampling method,13 front-line military nurses who were engaged in the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus disease in Wuhan were selected for detailed interviews.With the help of WeChat and audio recording,and as well as by Colaizzi’s method,the obtained data were analyzed and subjects were summed up for study.Results Following collection and analysis of the obtained data,4 subjects were extracted:(1)physiological stress responses:sleep disorder,somatization symptoms,physical exhaustion;(2)negative psychological experience:fear,tension and anxiety,guilt;(3)positive psychological experience:emotion,professional pride,sense of duty and responsibility;(4)monotonous coping style.Conclusion Attention should be paid to the negative psychological experience of rescue nurses during the course of the mission,and effective coping methods should be adopted to reduce psychological stress.The nursing administration should establish a reserve talent pool for urgent dispatch,strengthen skill training and psychological education,improve their skill level and psychological adjustment ability to deal with abrupt incidents,and ensure their physical and mental health for efficient completion of tasks.