钝化剂与微生物及其联用对土壤重金属形态影响的研究进展

Progress in Research on Effects of Combined Action of Passivator and Microorganism on Forms of Heavy Metals in Soil

目前我国土壤重金属污染和农产品重金属超标问题突出,如何修复重金属污染土壤已成为该领域研究的热点之一。单一修复技术有一定的局限性,本文分别从重金属钝化剂、微生物对重金属污染的修复及其二者联合作用进行综述。文中列举了15种不同种类钝化剂及其作用机理,并阐述其对可交换态、碳酸盐结合态、铁-锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残渣态重金属的影响;分析了土壤中不同微生物种类,如真菌、细菌、放线菌对重金属的耐受性及其对重金属离子吸附固定和生物转化等作用机理。最后探讨了二者联用的修复效果,并对今后的研究提出几点建议。

Nowadays,the problems of heavy metal pollution in soil and excessive heavy metals in agricultural products are prominent.How to repair the heavy metal contaminated soil has become one of the research hotspots in this field.Single remediation technology has certain limitations.The remediation of heavy metal pollution by heavy metal passivators and microorganism and their combined action were summarized in this paper.Fifteen kinds of passivators and their action mechanisms were listed,and their effects on five forms of heavy metal at exchangeable state,carbonate bound state,iron manganese oxide bound state,organic bound state and residue state were expounded.The tolerance of microorganism such as fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes in soil to heavy metals and the mechanisms of adsorption,fixation and biotransformation of heavy metal ions were analyzed.Finally,the combined application effects of passivators and microorganism were discussed,and some suggestions were put forward for further research in the future.