基于宏观断裂力学的CFRP薄壁结构耐撞性能研究及应用

Research and Application of Crashworthiness of CFRP Thin-Walled Structures Based on Macro-Fracture Mechanics

为了研究碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics,CFRP)薄壁圆管在准静态轴向压溃过程的压溃失效形式和吸能特性,提出一种基于宏观断裂力学理论基础的本构模型。通过对比试验和仿真结果,发现比吸能和平均力误差均小于1%,这验证了宏观断裂力学分析方法的合理性。为了进一步研究复合材料在汽车前纵梁吸能部件中的应用,从耐撞性能和轻量化角度出发,对比了CFRP前纵梁和钢质前纵梁的仿真结果。结果表明,在相同前纵梁结构件中,CFRP前纵梁的能量吸收能力要大于钢质前纵梁的能量吸收能力。

In order to study the failure form and energy absorption characteristics of CFRP thin-walled circular tubes in quasi-static axial compression tests, this paper proposed a constitutive model based on macro-fracture mechanics. The proposed analysis method was verified by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data. In order to further study the composite materials used in the energy absorption components of automobile front longitudinal beams, the simulation results of CFRP front longitudinal beams were compared with those of the steel front longitudinal beams concerning collision resistance and lightweight structures. The results show that the energy absorption capacity of CFRP front longitudinal beams is greater than that of the steel beams. The CFRP front longitudinal beams have greater potential than the traditional ones.