食源性致病菌溯源分型技术研究进展

Advances in Traceability Typing and Identification of Foodborne Pathogens

食源性致病菌是影响食品质量与安全的主要因素。及时和准确的菌株分型数据能够快速检测暴发集群,为正在进行的感染控制和公共卫生应对活动提供信息,对于食源性疾病的预防与爆发具有重要意义。近年来各种细菌分型方法取得了巨大进展,本文对几种常见食源性致病菌溯源分型技术进行综述,包括血清分型技术、噬菌体分型技术、脉冲场凝胶电泳技术、变性梯度凝胶电泳技术、细菌基因组重复序列PCR技术(Rep-PCR)、低频限制性切割位点PCR技术(IRS-PCR)、扩增片段长度多态性技术(AFLP)、限制性片段长度多态性技术(RFLP)、多位点序列分型技术(MLST)、核心基因组多位点序列分型技术(cgMLST)、单核苷酸多态性分型技术以及基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术(MALDI-TOF-MS)等。针对不同技术的原理对其所适用的环境进行阐述,并对分型溯源能力进行比较分析,为流行病学中食源性致病菌监测方案提供参考依据。

Foodborne pathogens are the main factors affecting food quality and safety. Timely and accurate strain typing data enable rapid detection of outbreak clusters, informing ongoing infection control and public health responses, which are important for preventing the outbreak of foodborne disease. In recent years, great progress has been made in various bacterial typing methods. This paper reviews typing techniques against foodborn bacterial pathogens, including serotyping,phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, Repetitive-element PCR(Rep-PCR),infrequent restriction site PCR(IRS-PCR), amplified fragment length polymorphism(AFLP), restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP), multilocus sequence typing(MLST), core-genome multilocus sequence typing(cgMLST), single nucleotide polymorphism, and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS). The principles of the different techniques are described with the condition in which they are applicable, and a comparative analysis of the traceability typing ability is discussed to provide epidemiological surveillance programmers for foodborne pathogens.