古代水文化代表事件梳理及其对现代黄河治理的借鉴

Review of Ancient Water-Culture Events and Implications to Modern Harnessing of the Yellow River

作为我国经济命脉、能源基地和生态屏障,黄河流域哺育了中华大地万千生灵。建立堤坝、河水分流等举措对防治洪水、保障黄河长治久安发挥了重要作用。然而,受黄河泥沙淤积、河道高悬、河堤管理不善等问题影响,黄河“淤堵、决口、改道”等事件时有发生,导致百姓生命安全受到威胁,生产生活受到影响。先秦时期的围堵改疏导、隋唐五代的修复旧渠建新渠、明代开新河、清代建立政令管理水事等措施,为现代堤坝整修、河道疏浚、水资源调配等提供了宝贵经验。通过对古代水文化代表事件进行梳理,汲取先民治理黄河的历史经验,对现代黄河治理提供借鉴。

Yellow River is China’s economic lifeline,energy base,and ecological barrier,where thousands of human beings and animals are nurtured.Throughout history,dams and river diversions have played an important role in preventing floods and fostering long-term peace and stability in the Yellow River Basin.However,the Yellow River still encounters the challenges and events of silting,breaching,and channel change,due to large sediment deposition,the high suspended channels and poor management of embankments,posing threats to life safety and economic production.China has a long history of harnessing the Yellow River from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,providing valuable experiences and implications for modern management regarding the implementations of dam renovation,river dredging,and water resources allocation.This study reviewed important ancient water-culture events,including the flood control encirclement,river reform and dredge in the Pre-Qin Dynasty,construction and rehabilitation of canals in the Sui,Tang,and Five Dynasties,the development of new canals in the Ming Dynasty,and the establishment of laws and regulations in the Qing Dynasty.With the cultural and historical experiences learned through the review of representative events,this paper could provide valuable references and implications for modern Yellow-River harnessing.