儿科急性上呼吸道感染不适宜处方现状及疾病影响因素分析

Analysis of the current status of inappropriate prescriptions for acute upper respiratory tract infections in pediatrics and factors influencing the disease

目的了解儿科急性上呼吸道感染不合理用药的现状,并分析其疾病的影响因素。方法回顾性分析178张儿科急性上呼吸道感染不适宜处方,包括不适宜处方分类、不同剂型药物情况、各类药品使用情况,并分析疾病的影响因素。结果178张处方中,解热镇痛药39张(21.91%)、抗菌药37张(20.79%)、中成药32张(17.98%)、抗组胺药19张(10.67%)、镇咳祛痰药15张(8.43%)、抗病毒药13张(7.30%)、复方感冒制剂15张(8.43%)、高危药品8张(4.49%)。口服药162张(91.01%),静脉用药15张(8.43%),外用药1张(0.56%)。用法用量不适宜140张(78.65%)、重复用药27张(15.17%)、用药途径不适宜8张(4.49%)、超常处方1张(0.56%)、适应证不符合1张(0.56%)、配伍禁忌1张(0.56%)。Logistic回归分析显示,体重、年龄为急性上呼吸道感染的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论儿科上呼吸道感染的处方用药存在一定不合理现象,临床应加强对儿科上呼吸道感染处方的审核及管理,提高用药安全性。

Objective To understand the current status of inappropriate prescriptions for acute upper respiratory tract infections in pediatrics,and analyze the factors influencing the disease.Methods A retrospective analysis of 178 inappropriate prescriptions for acute upper respiratory tract infections in pediatrics,including the classification of inappropriate prescriptions,the drugs of different dosage forms,the use of various drugs,and the factors influencing the disease were analyzed.Results Among the 178 prescriptions,39 prescriptions(21.91%)of antipyretic analgesics,37 prescriptions(20.79%)of antibacterial drugs,32 prescriptions(17.98%)of Chinese patent medicines,19 prescriptions(10.67%)of antihistamines,15 prescriptions(8.43%)of antitussive and expectorant,13 prescriptions(7.30%)of antiviral medicines,15 prescriptions(8.43%)of compound cold preparations,and 8 prescriptions(4.49%)of high-risk drugs.162 prescriptions(91.01%)for oral medications,15 prescriptions(8.43%)for intravenous medications,and 1 prescription(0.56%)for topical medications.Inappropriate usage and dosage in 140 prescriptions(78.65%),repeated medication in 27 prescriptions(15.17%),inappropriate route of administration in 8 prescriptions(4.49%),abnormal prescription in 1 prescription(0.56%),inconsistent indication in 1 prescription(0.56%),contraindications in 1 prescription(0.56%).Logistic regression analysis showed that weight and age were the influencing factors of acute upper respiratory tract infection(P<0.05).Conclusion There is a certain unreasonable phenomenon in the prescription of pediatric acute upper respiratory tract infection.The clinical review and management of pediatric acute upper respiratory tract infections should be strengthened to improve the safety of the medication.