水权交易政策对地区水质水量的影响

Impact of water trading policies on regional water quality and quantity

2014年中国正式开展了水权交易试点工作,试点地区与非试点地区的水质水量变化情况为政策分析创造了一种准实验的研究环境。分析水权交易政策对政策制度试验田的作用,能科学地评价水权交易政策效果,为调整并改进相关政策提供参考,从而推动水权交易实践优化发展,更有利于健全中国特色社会主义水权交易理论。该研究基于水权交易政策文本,总结水权交易政策对地区水资源使用的影响机制;构建政策效应分析模型,用水足迹表示地区水资源消耗情况,用废水及废水中的主要污染物排放量衡量地区水质情况,构建水质水量耦合模型计算评价因子;最后以黄河流域中水权交易政策实施最具代表性的省份为研究对象,用合成控制法分析甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古三省份水权交易政策的实施效果,并进行稳健性检验。研究结果表明:甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古在2014年实施水权交易政策后,水质水量综合情况都得到显著改善;然而由于水权交易实践开展时间、地区经济发展方式、政策执行力度等不同,三省区的水质水量改善情况存在差异。基于研究结论提出:虽然水权交易政策在各地区的影响效应有所差异,但是政策实施的积极影响毋庸置疑;各省份应积极借鉴相关经验,进行水权交易实践探索。

In 2014,China officially carried out the pilot work of water trading.The changes in water quality and quantity in pilot and non-pilot areas created a quasi-experimental research environment for policy analysis.The analysis of the impact of water trading poli⁃cies on the experimental fields of policies and systems can scientifically evaluate the effect of water trading policies and provide refer⁃ence for the adjustment and improvement of relevant policies.It would further promote the optimization and development of the practice of water trading,which is more conducive to the perfection of the water trading theory with Chinese characteristics.Based on the litera⁃ture on water trading policies,this study first summarized the impact mechanism of water trading policies on the use of regional water re⁃sources.The impact was mainly reflected in two aspects:water quality and quantity.Secondly,the synthetic control method was used to construct the policy effect analysis model.The water footprint was used to represent the water resource consumption in the region,the water quality in the region was measured by the discharge of wastewater and major pollutants in wastewater,and a coupled model of wa⁃ter quality and water quantity was built to calculate the evaluation factors.Last,the provinces with the most representative implementa⁃tion of water trading policies in the Yellow River basin were selected as research objects to analyze the implementation effect in pilot ar⁃eas by using the synthetic control method,and the robustness test was carried out.The results showed that after implementing the water trade policies in 2014,the situation of water quality and quality significantly improved in Gansu,Ningxia,and Inner Mongolia.Howev⁃er,due to the differences in the practice of water trading,regional economic development mode and policy implementation,the improve⁃ment of water quality and water quantity in the three provinces was also different.This research concluded that although the impact ef⁃fect of water trading policies varied in different regions,the positive impact of policy implementation was beyond doubt.It is proposed that all provinces should actively learn from relevant experience and conduct practical exploration of water trading.