肿腿蜂对云杉花墨天牛防治效果的初步研究

Preliminary study on the control efficiency of Monochamus saltuarius by Sclerodermus spp.

目前,已有多个研究证明肿腿蜂可有效防治天牛类蛀干类害虫,但还未见利用肿腿蜂防治云杉花墨天牛试验。为了验证肿腿蜂对云杉花墨天牛防治效果,尽快筛选出控制云杉花墨天牛的有效肿腿蜂种类,本文在室内将云杉花墨天牛幼虫接入红松木段来模拟天牛生长的自然条件,设置了不同的益害比(4:1、2:1、1:1和1:2)来释放肿腿蜂,测定了3种肿腿蜂(管氏肿腿蜂、松褐天牛肿腿蜂和白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂)对云杉花墨天牛的寄生效果。同时利用以上3种肿腿蜂中全国应用最广泛的管氏肿腿蜂对该天牛开展了野外防治试验。结果表明:室内条件下相同益害比的三种肿腿蜂对云杉花墨天牛寄生率差异不显著;当三种肿腿蜂的益害比为4:1时,云杉花墨天牛的校正死亡率最高;其中管氏肿腿蜂对云杉花墨天牛的平均校正死亡率为95.65%,松褐天牛肿腿蜂对云杉花墨天牛的平均校正死亡率为71.43%,白蜡吉丁肿腿蜂对云杉花墨天牛的平均校正死亡率为61.90%;林间释放管氏肿腿蜂的益害比为2:1时,云杉花墨天牛的校正死亡率最高,平均为39.20%。根据结果可知管氏肿腿蜂是三种肿腿蜂中防治效果较好的蜂种,可尝试用于野外防治实践;建议在野外释放以益害比为2:1为佳,可达到较好的防治效果。

At present,many studies have proved that parasitoids of Sclerodermus spp.can control the longhorned beetle pest effectively.But there are no reports of controlling Monochamus saltuarius using Sclerodermus spp.The aim of this research is testing control efficiency of Sclerodermus spp.on M.saltuarius,and selecting a specie of Sclerodermus spp.that can control M.saltuarius effectively.Larvae of M.saltuarius were inoculated into cut logs of Pinus koraiensis to simulate the natural conditions,and then three species of Sclerodermus spp.(S.guani,S.alternatusi and S.pupariae)were released with different wasp-pest ratio(4:1,2:1,1:1 and 1:2)to determine the parasitic efficiency on M.saltuarius larvae in the laboratory.S.guani is the most widely used among the three parasitoid in China,so the control effect of S.guani on M.saltuarius was further tested in forest.The results showed that:The parasitic rates of the three parasitoids have no significant differences with the same wasp-pest ratio in the laboratory.The corrected mortality of M.saltuarius was the highest with wasp-pest ratio 4:1,and the corrected mortality of M.saltuarius were 95.65%,71.43%,and 61.90%,after releasing S.guani,S.alternatusi,and S.pupariae,respectively.In forest,the corrected mortality of M.saltuarius reached 39.20%after releasing S.guani with wasp-pest ratio 2:1.It is concluded that S.guani is likely to apply to control M.saltuarius in forest,for its better parasitic effect than the other two species of Sclerodermus spp.,and the recommended releasing wasp-pest ratio is 2:1.