贝莱斯芽胞杆菌次生抗生物质的研究进展

Review on Secondary Antibiotic Metabolites of Bacillus velezensis

贝莱斯芽胞杆菌广泛分布于自然界,其次生抗生物质丰富,具有开发新型生物防治剂制剂的潜力。其基因组含有多种抗生物质的生物合成基因簇,如表面活性素、丰原素、杆菌霉素D等脂肽类化合物,杆菌烯、大环内酰亚胺、艰难菌素等聚酮类化合物,以及杆菌素和杆菌溶素等。除杆菌素以外,贝莱斯芽胞杆菌的绝大部分次生抗生物质依赖4′-磷酸泛酰转移酶(Sfp)途径合成。本文归纳和总结了贝莱斯芽胞杆菌抗生物质的化学结构、生物合成基因簇及其调控机制以及他们在控制植物、动物和人类疾病上的应用,以期为今后利用贝莱斯芽胞杆菌及其代谢产物研发生防制剂或临床药物提供科学依据。

Bacillus velezensis is widely distributed in nature.Its antibiotic metabolites are very abundant and have the potential to be developed as new biological control agents.Its genome contains a lot of biosynthetic gene clusters of antibiotic metabolites,such as surfactin,fengycin,bacillomycin-D and other lipopeptide compounds,bacillaene,macrolactin,difficidin and other polyketides,as well as bacillibactin and bacilysin,etc.The synthesis of majority of secondary antibiotic substances by Bacillus velezensis rely on the 4'-phosphopanonyl transferase(Sfp)pathway for synthesis,except bacilysin.This article summarizes and generalizes the chemical structure of secondary antibiotic substances,biosynthetic gene clusters and their regulatory mechanisms of B.velezensis,and their application in the controlling of plant,animal and human diseases,so as to provide scientific basis for developing Bacillus velezensis and the metabolites as biocontrol preparations or clinical drugs in the future.