KClO_(4)/Ag复合粒子的制备与性能

Preparation and Properties of KClO_(4)/Ag Composite Particles

为提高高氯酸钾(KClO_(4))使用安全性能,通过葡萄糖和银氨溶液化学反应对KClO_(4)颗粒表面进行改性处理,制备了高氯酸钾/银(KClO_(4)/Ag)复合粒子。用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)等表征手段分析了改性前后的颗粒形貌、物相组成、热分解温度、机械感度等性能。结果表明,KClO_(4)/Ag复合粒子球形化效果明显,表面光滑,无明显棱角,在保留KClO_(4)原有的安定性好、分解温度高等优点基础上,还具备了银金属特性;与原料KClO_(4)相比,KClO_(4)/Ag复合粒子机械感度明显降低,摩擦感度爆炸概率从90%降低至50%,撞击感度爆炸概率从70%降低至40%;同时,KClO_(4)/Ag复合粒子的热分解性能与原料KClO_(4)相比明显不同,放热峰提前了12℃,且分解效率更高。

In order to improve the safety performance of potassium perchlorate(KClO_(4)),KClO_(4)/Silver(KClO_(4)/Ag)composite particles were prepared by chemical reaction of glucose and silver ammonia on the surface of KClO_(4) particles.The particle mor⁃phology,phase composition,thermal decomposition temperature and mechanical sensitivity of the modified particles were ana⁃lyzed by means of scanning electron microscope(SEM),X⁃ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),et al.The results show that KClO_(4)/Ag composite particles have obvious spherification effect,smooth surface and no obvious edges and corners.On the basis of retaining the original good stability and high decomposition temperature of KClO_(4),it also has the characteristics of silver metal.Compared with the initial raw KClO_(4),the mechanical sensitivity of KClO_(4)/Ag composite particles decreased significantly,the friction sensitivity explosion probability decreased from 90%to 50%,and the impact sensitivity ex⁃plosion probability decreased from 70%to 40%.At the same time,the thermal decomposition performance of KClO_(4)/Ag com⁃posite particles is obviously different from that of raw KClO_(4).The exothermic peak of KClO_(4)/Ag composite particles is 12℃earli⁃er and the decomposition efficiency is higher than that of raw KClO_(4).