新型氧化剂AP⁃LiP复合物对水下爆炸能量输出结构的影响

Effects of Novel Oxidant Composite AP⁃LiP on the Energy Output Structure of Underwater Explosion

为提高混合炸药二次反应的能量,采用溶剂蒸发法制备了新型氧化剂高氯酸铵(AP)⁃高氯酸锂(LiP)复合物,并采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X⁃射线衍射仪(XRD)对其形貌和晶型进行了表征,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其热分解性能进行了分析;采用电测法对含有AP⁃LiP复合物、AP⁃LiP机械混合物及AP的3种高聚物黏结炸药(PBXs)的水下爆炸威力场参数进行测试。结果表明,AP⁃LiP复合物的晶体形貌较为规则,晶体表面较光滑,粒径分布比较均匀,未发生团聚。AP⁃LiP复合物的晶型化程度高,晶形较为完整。AP⁃LiP复合物的热分解性能优于AP⁃LiP机械混合物。水下爆炸试验结果表明,相对于含AP的PBX炸药,含AP⁃LiP复合物的PBX炸药的冲击波能、气泡能及水下爆炸总能量分别提高了0.098~0.154、0.254 MJ·kg^(-1)以及0.352~0.408 MJ·kg^(-1),且随着距离的增加,能量衰减变慢。

In order to increase the energy of the secondary reaction of composite explosives,the novel composite oxidant ammo⁃nium perchlorate(AP)⁃lithium perchlorate(LiP)was prepared by solvent evaporation method.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)and X⁃ray diffractometer(XRD)were used to test and characterize the morphology,and crystal structure of the sample.The thermal decomposition properties of the samples were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The underwater explosion power parameters of three polymer bonded explosives(PBXs)containing composite AP⁃LiP,mechanical mixture AP⁃LiP and AP were evaluated by electrometric method.The results show that,for composite AP⁃LiP,the crystal morphology is fairly regular,the crystal surface is smooth,the particle size distribution is fairly uniform,and no agglomeration is observed.Composite AP⁃LiP has a high degree of crystallization and a fairly complete crystal structure.The thermal decomposition perfor⁃mance of composite AP⁃LiP is better than that of mechanical mixture AP⁃LiP.The underwater explosion results show that,com⁃pared with the AP⁃containing PBX,the shock wave energy,bubble energy,and total energy of underwater explosion of PBX containing composite AP⁃LiP increase by 0.098-0.154,0.254 MJ·kg^(-1) and 0.352-0.408 MJ·kg^(-1) respectively,and the energy de⁃cays slower as the distance increases.