我国全科医生工作场所暴力现状及相关因素分析

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Workplace Violence Against General Practitioners in China

目的:了解我国全科医生工作场所暴力现状和相关因素,为防控全科医生工作场所暴力提供参考。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法,于2021年3-5月,在我国东、中、西部随机抽取4632名全科医生进行问卷调查。结果:共纳入4376名全科医生,工作场所暴力发生率为14.26%,其类型以情感虐待的发生率最高(13.44%)。全科医生最近一次经历的工作场所暴力事件施暴者主要为患者(50.64%)、男性(79.49%),多发生于早班(53.04%)、医生办公室(75.00%),未满足患者的需求(71.63%)是最主要的发生原因,应对方式以求助领导为主(33.01%)。西部地区、女性全科医生的工作场所暴力发生风险较低,文化程度较高、日均工作时间较长、加班较频繁的全科医生工作场所暴力发生风险较高。结论:我国全科医生工作场所暴力发生率较低,地区、性别、文化程度、日均工作时间和加班频率均会对其产生影响,政府和管理者可针对危险因素采取相应措施,进一步防控工作场所暴力。

Objective:To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with workplace violence(WPV)among general practitioners(GPs)in China,so as to provide references for prevention and control of WPV against GPs.Methods:A multi-stage stratified random sampling was conducted to collect data with a structured self-administered questionnaire from 4632 GPs in the eastern,central,and western China between March and May 2021.Results:A total of 4376 GPs were included in this study.The prevalence of WPV was 14.26%,with the highest incidence of emotional abuse(13.44%).In the latest WPV incidents experienced by GPs,the perpetrators were mainly patients(50.64%)and men(79.49%).Most violence incidents had occurred in the morning shift work(53.04%)and the doctors'offices(75.00%).The main cause of WPV was not meeting the needs of patients(71.63%),and the reaction was mainly to seek help from the leaders(33.01%).GPs who were females and were from western China had a lower risk of experiencing WPV.However,those GPs who had a higher level of education,longer average daily working hours,and who frequently worked overtime had a higher risk of encountering WPV.Conclusion:The prevalence of WPV among GPs in China is relatively low.Region,gender,education level,average daily working hours,and working overtime are significantly associated with WPV.The government and managers should take corresponding measures to prevent and control WPV according to the risk factors.