汉代宴饮待客禁忌探析

Analysis on Banqueting Taboos of Entertaining Guests in Han Dynasty

待客禁忌是汉代宴饮禁忌的重要组成成分,主要有四大类:备宴禁忌、迎客禁忌、座位安排禁忌、落座安顿禁忌。备宴忌主家庭宇污秽杂乱、食品寒酸单薄,迎客忌主家散漫失仪、客至而无礼,宾客忌无理失时,座位安排禁忌则涉及权势、年齿、个人素质等,落座安顿忌主宾双方言行无礼失仪、冒犯他人。汉代待客禁忌与社会礼俗交织,影响至今,对此应辩证看待,合理扬弃,以期为树立当代宴饮新风提供有益借鉴。

Taboos of entertaining guests are important components of banquet taboos in Han Dynasty,which mainly include four kinds:banquet preparation taboos,welcome taboos,seat arrangement taboos and sitting down taboos.When preparing a banquet,the host’s house should not be dirty and messy,and the food should not be poor and less.When welcoming guests,the host should not be sloppy and bad manners.The guests should not be late and unreasonable.The seats should be arranged according to guests’ social position,age and personal quality.When sitting down,the host and guests should not be rude,disrespectful or offend others.The taboos of entertaining guests in Han Dynasty are intertwined with social etiquette and customs,which still has influence so far.We should treat it dialectically,and develop the good and discard the bad reasonably,in order to provide a useful reference for establishing a new style of contemporary banquet.