财政分权、支出偏向与城乡融合发展

Fiscal Decentralization,Expenditure Bias and Urban-rural Integration Development

推动城乡高质量融合发展是实现乡村振兴和共同富裕的必由之路。本文运用两步全局主成分分析方法对2004-2019年我国30个省市的城乡融合发展水平进行测算与评价,并对财政分权与支出偏向如何影响城乡融合进行实证分析。结果表明:近年来我国城乡融合发展水平总体呈上升趋势,但仍存在地区差异;财政分权对城乡融合具有显著正向影响,支出偏向对城乡融合具有显著负向影响,这一结果在替换及增加变量、改变样本省份和时间及更换实证方法的稳健性检验中仍然成立;财政分权与支出偏向在不同的经济发展水平、政策环境背景、空间地理位置及农业生产规模下对城乡融合发展具有异质性影响;拓展研究发现财政分权与支出偏向对城乡融合的影响存在调节效应和门槛效应。深化财政体制改革,优化财政支出结构,科学设计分类政策,促进资本要素双向流动,是缩小城乡收入差距、推动城乡融合发展的关键举措。

Promoting the high-quality integrated development of urban and rural areas is the important way to achieve rural revitalization and common prosperity.This paper uses a two-step global principal component analysis method to measure and evaluate the development level of urban-rural integration in 30 provinces and cities in our country from 2004 to 2019,and conduct an empirical analysis of how fiscal decentralization and expenditure bias affect urban-rural integration.The results show that in recent years,the overall development level of our country's urban-rural integration has shown an upward trend,but there are still regional differences;fiscal decentralization has a significant positive impact on urban-rural integration,and expenditure bias has a significant negative impact on urban-rural integration,this result is still valid in the robustness test of replacing and adding variables,changing sample provinces and time,and replacing empirical methods;fiscal decentralization and expenditure bias have a heterogeneous impact on the development level of urban-rural integration under different economic development levels,policy environment backgrounds,spatial geographic locations,and agricultural production scales;further research in this paper found that the impact of fiscal decentralization and expenditure bias on urban-rural integration has a moderating effect and a threshold effect.Deepening the reform of the fiscal system,optimizing the structure of fiscal expenditures,scientifically designing classification policies,and promoting the two-way flow of capital elements are key measures to narrow the urban-rural income gap and promote the development of urban-rural integration.