基于MQL的切削加工技术应用

Application of Cutting Technology Based on MQL

在金属切削加工过程中,切削液发挥着冷却、润滑、排屑和防锈等作用,但其排放会对环境造成严重污染。微量润滑技术(MQL)是将压缩气体与微量润滑油混合汽化后喷射到加工区域,可代替传统切削液,在刀具与工件间的加工部位形成有效润滑,减缓刀具磨损。作为新兴的绿色清洁切削加工技术,微量润滑技术具有广阔应用前景。本文介绍了切削加工机理和切削液在切削加工中的作用,通过对比微量润滑、水溶性切削液和切削油性冷却等常见润滑技术的优缺点,分析了MQL替代传统切削液在切削加工中的利弊,并通过分析MQL在高速加工、铝合金加工及断续加工等方面的应用,探讨了MQL技术的发展趋势及发展过程中凾待解决的问题。

In the process of metal cutting,the cutting fluid plays an important role in cooling,lubrication,chip removal and rust prevention,while its discharge may cause serious pollution to the environment.Minimal quantity lubrication(MQL)mixes and gasifies compressed gas and micro lubricating oil,then sprays it into machining area to replace the traditional cutting fluid and form effective lubrication between the tool and workpiece and slow down the tool wear.Minimal quantity lubrication is a new green and clean cutting technology,which has broad application prospects.The effects of machining mechanism and the role of cutting fluid in machining are introduced.By comparing the advantages and disadvantages of common cutting lubrication technologies such as micro lubrication,water-soluble cutting fluid and cutting oil cooling,the advantages and disadvantages of MQL replacing traditional cutting fluid in cutting are analyzed.The applications of MQL in high speed machining,aluminum alloy machining and intermittent machining are discussed,and the development trend of MQL technology and the problems to be solved in the development process are analyzed.