融于LFI的事故问责新机制:基于危化品爆炸事故的纵贯研究

New Mechanism of Accidents Accountability Integrating LFI:Longitudinal Study on Hazardous Chemical Explosion Accident

为揭示现行事故调查与问责中存在的问题,探索加强问责威慑效应的途径,对国内三起危化品爆炸事故进行纵贯研究。首先采用定性研究对事故进行比较分析;其次使用Python对典型事故前后的法规与信息动态进行文本挖掘;最后运用问责威慑理论与事故学习理论探索构建有效的化工事故调查问责机制。研究表明:尽管行政问责与法律问责强度不断提升,但问责的威慑效应存在递减趋势,从而未能强化企业在日常生产中的安全要求。重大危险源监控薄弱、企业安全文化建设严重不足,成为后续安全事故频发的潜在根源。因此,需要构建融于事故学习的新型事故调查问责机制,形成关口前移、重视安全风险早期管控、持续提升组织学习力的事故调查问责新路径。

In order to reveal the problems existing in the current accident investigation and accountability,and explore ways to strengthen the deterrent effect of accountability,a longitudinal study was carried out on three dangerous chemical explosion accidents in China.Firstly,qualitative research is used to compare and analyze the accidents.Secondly,Python is used for dynamic text mining of regulations and information before and after typical accidents.Finally,the accountability deterrence theory and accident learning theory are used to explore and construct an effective accountability mechanism for chemical accident investigation.The results show that although the intensity of administrative and legal accountability is increasing,the deterrence effect of accountability has a decreasing trend,which fails to strengthen the safety requirements of enterprises in daily production.The weak monitoring of major hazard sources and the serious shortage of enterprise safety culture construction have become the potential root of frequent subsequent safety accidents.Therefore,it is necessary to build a new accident investigation accountability mechanism integrated with accident learning,and form a new path of accident investigation accountability that moves forward the pass,attaches importance to early safety risk control,and continuously improves organizational learning ability.