面向气体分离的聚合物衍生碳分子筛膜研究进展

A review of polymer-derived carbon molecular sieve membranes for gas separation

相比较于传统的气体纯化和分离工艺,膜分离技术具有显著的经济和环境优势。与聚合物膜相比,碳分子筛膜具有更高的气体渗透性和选择性、化学耐受性和更好的热稳定性,受到了研究工作者和制备厂商越来越多的关注。碳分子筛膜通常由聚合物前驱体薄膜通过热解和炭化制备,聚合物前驱体主要包括聚酰亚胺、树脂、纤维素和聚醚酰亚胺等。本文分类总结和讨论了不同化学结构前驱体制备碳分子筛膜的工艺和气体分离性能。前驱体的化学结构和膜物理结构均可显著影响其碳分子筛膜的结构和气体分离性能。在过去的几十年里,碳分子筛膜的气体分离性能得到了显著改善,并可能在不久的将来实现其商业应用。研究者可以通过本文了解碳分子筛膜的当前进展,推动碳分子筛膜制备的发展,拓展其应用领域。

Membrane technology for gas separation and purification has unique economic and environmental advantages over conventional purification processes.Carbon molecular sieve membranes(CMSMs)have a higher gas permeability,selectivity,chem-ical resistance,and better thermal stability than polymer membranes,and have therefore received more attention.CMSMs are com-monly fabricated by the pyrolysis of polymer precursors such as polyimides,resins,cellulose and polyetherimide.The reported fab-rication process and gas separation performance of CMSMs made from various precursors are summarized and discussed.Both the chemical and physical structures of the precursor membranes affect the carbon structures and gas separation performances of the res-ulting CMSMs.Overall,the gas separation performance of CMSMs has been significantly improved in the last 20 years,and their possible commercial use is not far away.An in-depth understanding of this progress on CMSMs should provide researchers from dif-ferent fields an understanding of how to promote their fabrication and applications.