农药根部缓控释施药技术研究进展

Research Progress of Controlled-release Pesticide in Root Application Technologies

根部施药技术是一种根据防治对象的发生与为害位点,将选定剂量的农药施用在作物根部的技术措施。该技术一般利用作物的蒸腾拉力,把根部吸收的农药向上运输到靶标作物的不同部位。在特定的施药场景下,根据农药的理化性质、土壤的理化性质、作物的种类等条件来筛选易被作物吸收传导的农药。利用载体材料负载农药的有效成分,可改善其在作物体内的吸收传导性能,使农药能够被根部吸收并传输至地上部分。农药缓控释技术是使用缓控释材料或剂型加工技术来控制农药剂量的释放速度,使其可以持续稳定地释放到靶标位点,提高农药的持效期。发展农药根部缓控释施药技术是一个当前提高农药利用率的重要且具有前景的方向。鉴于此,本文总结了根部施药技术的种类,分析了制约根部施药技术的因素,阐述了改善农药的内吸传导性和根部施药的方法,以及农药缓控释技术种类,旨在为未来农药减量增效的应用提供理论指导。

Root application technologies are technical measures to apply selected doses of pesticides to the roots of crops according to the occurrence and harm sites of the control objects.The technologies generally utilize the transpiration pull of crops to make the pesticides absorbed by the roots and translocated upward to different parts of target plants subsequently.In specific application scenarios,pesticides that are easy to be absorbed and transmitted by crops are selected according to physical and chemical properties of pesticides,physical and chemical properties of soil,crop types and etc..The carrier material is used to load pesticide active components to improve their absorption and translocation performance in crops,so that pesticides can be absorbed by roots and transferred to the aerial parts of plants.Pesticide controlled-release technologies employ controlled-release materials or formulation processing technologies to control the release rates of pesticide doses,which can make pesticides continuously and stably released to the target sites and improve the duration of pesticides.The development of controlled-release pesticide in root application technologies is an important and promising direction for improving the utilization rate of pesticides.In this paper,types of root application technologies were reviewed.The factors restricting the root application technologies were analyzed.Meanwhile,approaches for improving the systemicity and root application of pesticides,and types of pesticide controlled-release were elaborated,aiming to provide theoretical guidance for the application methods of pesticide decrement and synergism in the future.