抑“技”扬“术”:庄子技术观审视

Suppressing"Utilitarian Technique"and Raising"Natural Technique":A Survey of Zhuangzi's Technical View

作为庄子哲学思想重要组成部分的技术思想,是其本体论思想在人与自然关系层面的凸现。以“道”为分界线可将庄子技术思想中的“技”分成两个维度。第一个维度是庄子视为“损人害物”的“技”。它使人背离了“道”,破坏了物我平等的关系。第二个维度是顺应事物自然本性,依“道”而行的“术”。它虽然具有不可言说的特征,但是却自然地镶嵌在人的日常生活中。对庄子技术哲学思想中的“技”与“术”进行较深层次的探讨,在阐释“技”的基础上,进一步探讨什么是“术”“术”的特征以及怎样才能达到“术”。这将有助于人们转变技术的发展理念,明确技术使用的边界,推动构建天人合一的物我生存之境。

As an important part of Zhuangzi's philosophy,his technical view is the outstanding reflection of his onto-logy on the relationship between man and nature.Taking"Tao"as the dividing line,the"technique"in Zhuangzi's technical thought can be divided into two dimensions.The first dimension of Zhuangzi's"Utilitarian technique"is regarded as"harmful things to people".It makes people deviate from the"Tao"and destroys the equal relationship between things and human beings.The second dimension is the"Natural technique"of following the"Tao"in accordance with the nature of things.Although it has ineffable characteristics,it is naturally embedded in people's daily life.This paper probes in-depth into the"Utilitarian technique"and"Natural technique"in Zhuangzi's technical philosophy.Based on the explanation of"Utilitarian technique",it further probes into what is"Natural technique",its characteristics and how to achieve"Natural technique".This will contribute people to change the concept of technology development,define the boundaries of technology use,and promote the construction of the survival realm of the"Unity of Heaven and Human".