社区资本视角下“半工半耕”型村庄乡村振兴的困境与路径——基于河南L村的个案研究

The Predicament and Path of Rural Revitalization in“Semi-Working and Semi-Farming”Villages from the Perspective of Community Capital—Based on the Case Study of L Village in Henan Province

“半工半耕”型村庄是我国中西部地区普遍存在的一种乡村类型,是乡村振兴的重点对象。通过对河南L村的个案研究发现,当前该类村庄的乡村振兴面临“半工半耕”生计模式仍在延续、人口与住宅空心化、乡村基础建设不足、村庄小学日趋衰落、村庄治理无效和公共生活匮乏等问题。这主要源于各类社区资本匮乏,致使村庄从内部层面来看缺乏乡村振兴的物质条件、社会文化基础和主体力量;从外部层面来看则缺乏地方政府的有力支持与城镇的辐射。未来,走出乡村振兴的困境应该从发展市域经济、增加村庄投入、开发人力资本、培育社会资本与文化资本、多渠道寻求金融资本与建设资本入手。“社区资本”概念集村庄各类资本于一体,联接了村庄内、外部的各种资源和多元主体力量,体现了一种整体观的思想,可为乡村振兴的决策者和实施者提供一种思路。

The“semi-working and semi-farming”villages,the focus of rural revitalization,are normal in the central and western regions of China.This paper takes L Village in Henan Province as an example.It is found that the current rural revitalization in this village is stuck,which manifests in the following aspects:the continuation of the“semi-working and semi-farming”livelihood model;the hollowing of the population and housing;the lack of rural infrastructure;the decline of village primary schools;the ineffective village governance;and the scarcity of public life.So do other similar villages.Lack of capital is the major reason,which results in both internal(the lack of material conditions,social and cultural foundations,and subjective forces)and external(lack of support and influence)dilemmas.To get unstuck and get out of this predicament,we should start by developing the urban economy,increasing investment in villages,enhancing multiple capitals,and seeking financial and construction capital in various ways.The concept of“community capital”,equipped with multiple capitals,connects various resources and multiple subjective forces within the village and beyond,reflecting the idea of a holistic view that helps decision-makers and implementers.