如何更好“继续发光发热”——积极老龄化视域下老年人再就业促进研究

Becoming a Better Self——On the Promotion of Re-employment of the Elderly from the Perspective of Actively Aging

促进老年人再就业是老年人力资源开发与利用、实现积极老龄化的重要手段。通过对CFPS(2020)数据3947份样本的计量统计分析发现,参加再就业的老年人受教育水平普遍较低,性别比例相对均衡,低龄、农业户口的老年人比重较大,工作呈现类型化的特点。应对老年人再就业工资收入水平低、福利激励缺乏、劳动保障权益问题突出、工作时间长、劳动强度高、职务与晋升重要性不显著等问题,提出建议:工资保障为基础,提供多样化福利待遇,有效推进就业制度建设;引导社会共识,加强政策衔接,营造更包容的老年人就业环境;关注农业老年群体,扩展就业机会,丰富再就业类型;重视老年人教育,提升低龄老年人就业能力,推进人力资源开发。

The re-employment of the elderly is beneficial to the development and utilization of the elderly human resources,and it is also an important method to achieve active aging.In this paper,3947 samples were selected from the 2020 database of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),and the following characteristics were found through quantitative statistical analysis:First,the education level of the elderly who are re-employed is generally low;second,the gender ratio of this group is relatively balanced;third,the proportion of the elderly with young age and agricultural accounts is relatively large;and fourth,the jobs are characterized by typification.The above features present many problems such as low wages,lack of benefits,lack of security,long working hours,high labor intensity,etc.For the problems,this paper puts forward the following suggestions:First,we should take wages as the basis,guarantee diversified welfare benefits and effectively promote the construction of an employment system.Second,we need to guide social consensus,strengthen policy coordination,and create a more inclusive employment environment for the elderly.Third,we should focus on the elderly in agriculture and expand employment opportunities.Fourth,in order to foster the growth of human resources,we should prioritize the education and employability of the elderly.