动员型组织的常规化:乡镇政权的组织再造与能力增进——基于山东省A市“管区制度”的分析

The Routinization of Mobilizing Organizations:Organizational Re-structuring and Capacity Enhancement of Township Governments——Based on the Study of the“Community System”in A City,Shandong Province

在乡村振兴战略中,治理有效是基础,创新基层管理体制机制,整合优化公共服务是乡镇治理的重要内容。通过分析山东省A市的实践发现,在乡镇与行政村之间设立管区组织,相对集中地使用和优化配置乡镇治理资源,建立高效统分结合的责任分配与考核体系,提高了基层治理能力。其有效运转源于双层动员机制:通过晋升、考核与保护等行政动员机制,激活了管区干部的积极性;通过关系网络、情感连带与利益吸纳等社会动员机制,提高了村干部的积极性。由此,通过关系治理,理顺了乡村关系,增强了乡镇治理能力;在非程式化的乡土社会之上,实现了科层制度与乡土社会的有机结合,达致“有效治理”与“基层民主”的双重目标,探索了基层治理现代化的新模式。

Effective governance is the foundation of the strategy of rural revitalization.The integration and refinement of public services,as well as the innovation of grassroots management systems and mechanisms,are important components.In the A City of Shandong Province,community organizations are set up between towns and administrative villages,allowing relatively centralized use and improved allocation of township governance resources,and an efficient system of responsibility allocation and assessment combined with unification and division is established,thus improving local-level governance capacity.Its effective operation stems from its two-tier mobilization mechanism:through the promotion,assessment,and protection of its administrative mobilization mechanism,it activated the enthusiasm of community cadres;through the social mobilization mechanism of relationship network utilization,emotional connection,and benefit absorption,the enthusiasm of village cadres has been enhanced.Thus,through relationship governance,the relationship between villages has been straightened out,and the ability of township governance has been enhanced.This system is based on non-stylized local society,realizes the organic combination of bureaucracy and local society,achieves the dual goals of“effective governance”and“grass-roots democracy”,and explores a new mode of modernization of local-level governance.