论跨国碳排放权交易的法律冲突及其解决

Conflict of laws in transnational carbon emissions trading and its resolution

2021年11月,格拉斯哥气候大会的召开推动着全球气候治理行动迈入新阶段,缔约方通过建立全球碳交易市场的指南文件,为碳排放权交易的跨国合作提供了制度基础,跨国碳排放权交易将成为未来各国气候治理协作的重要方式。由于跨国碳排放权交易领域缺少统一的实体法规范,相关的国际条约之间存在冲突,交易双方所在国的国内法也存在差异,因此在发生纠纷时,双方当事人会基于不同的利益出发点,在法律适用方面做出不同的选择,从而产生法律适用冲突。跨国碳排放权交易性质上属于国际民商事行为,因此在解决法律冲突时,应坚持意思自治原则,尊重当事方的意愿;并应坚持系统整合原则,促进国际条约和规则之间的协调适用;另外应制定专门的冲突规范,并且在各国达成共识的领域制定统一的实体法规范,以防范和减少跨国碳排放权交易法律冲突。

The Glasgow Climate Conference in November 2021 has promoted the global action on climate governance to a new stage.The Parties have adopted the guidance documents for the establishment of a global carbon trading market.Transnational carton emission trading would be an important way of climate governance cooperation among countries in the future.As there is no unified substantive law in the field of multinational carbon emission trading,there are conflicts between relevant international treaties and differences in domestic laws of the countries where the Parties are located.Therefore,when a dispute occurs,the two Parties will make different choices in the application of law based on their different interests,resulting in the conflicts of governing law.Transnational carbon emissions trading is an international civil and commercial act in nature,therefore,in the settlement of conflict of laws,we should adhere to the principle of Party autonomy and respect the wills of the parties concerned;and we should adhere to the principle of systematic integration and promote the coordinated application of international treaties and rules.In addition,special conflict rules and unified substantive rules should be formulated in the areas where countries have reached consensus in order to prevent and reduce conflict of laws in transnational carbon emissions trading.