育训共同体:德国职业教育与继续教育联盟探究

Community of Education and Training: An Exploration of the German Vocational Education and Continuing Education Alliance

职业教育育训共同体是参与职业教育和培训活动的个人和群体基于共同的行动目标和价值追求、以社会组织或团体形式而组成的联合体。为解决德国职业教育和培训中的突出问题,德国成立了育训共同体性质的职业教育与继续教育联盟。联盟是一个多方协商共治机构,实行两层运行机制,聚焦特定时期具体问题、实施对学徒和企业的援助方案、面向未来推动职业教育和培训发展,提高了德国职业教育和培训体系的吸引力,为德国经济社会发展提供了人力资源和技术技能保障。以此为借鉴,我国在推进育训共同体建设中应探索组建成员组成多元、组织运行分层、工作内容聚焦的职业教育和培训协调管理机构,通过参与治理对话、提供支持服务、落地利好政策拓展行业企业深度参与协同育人路径,采取优化教学模式、提供对口支援和推进普职融通等措施畅通职业教育和培训对象成长渠道。

Vocational education and training community is a combination of individuals and groups participating in vocational education and training activities on the basis of common action goals and value pursuits, in the form of social organizations or groups. In order to solve the outstanding problems in vocational education and training, Germany has established the Vocational Education and Continuing Education Alliance which is of the nature of the education and training community. The Alliance is a multi-party consultation and co-governance institution, which operates a two-tiered mechanism, focuses on specific issues in specific periods, implements assistance programs for apprentices and enterprises, and promotes the development of future-oriented vocational education and training. The Alliance mproves the attractiveness of the German vocational education and training system, which provides human resources and technical skills support for the economic and social development of Germany. Taking this as a reference, in promoting the construction of education and training community, China should explore the formation of multi-participation, multi-level operation, and problem-oriented coordination and management institutions for vocational education and training. China should also expand ways allowing industrial enterprises to participate in collaborative education through governance dialogue, support services, and favorable policies, and take measures such as better teaching modes, counterpart support and fusion with general education to unblock the growth channels of students and trainees.