妨害兴奋剂管理罪的司法考量要素问题研究

Study on the Judicial Considerations for Criminalizing Doping in China

我国有关兴奋剂入刑的规定,经历了从最高人民法院出台司法解释将兴奋剂犯罪涵摄于其他罪名,到《刑法修正案(十一)》增设妨害兴奋剂管理罪的过程。这既体现了对兴奋剂进行刑事打击的决心,也突显了对体育竞赛中使用兴奋剂犯罪行为的特别关注。分析妨害兴奋剂管理罪的构成,“兴奋剂”“辅助人员”“运动员”“国内、国际重大体育竞赛”“情节严重”等要素是认定犯罪主体、行为、场域的重要因素。因此,基于体育治理自治性、专业性的特点,在刑事审查的视角下协调刑法与体育治理法规、规则的关系,综合考量上述要素,合理采信兴奋剂检测和违规认定结论,是认定妨害兴奋剂管理罪可沿袭的基本思路。

The criminalization of doping in China has gone through the process from the Supreme People’s Court’s judicial interpretation to covering doping crimes in other crimes,and to the addition of the crime of obstructing doping management in the Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law.This not only reflects the determination to criminalize doping,but also highlights the special concern for the criminal conduct of doping in sporting competitions.This article analyzes what constitutes the crime of obstructing doping management;factors such as“doping”,“auxiliary personnel”,“athletes”,“major domestic and international sporting competitions”and“serious circumstances”are important factors in determining the subject,behavior,and field of the crime.Therefore,based on the characteristics of autonomy and professionalism of sports governance,the basic idea that determines the crime of obstructing doping management can be followed by coordinating the relationship between the criminal law and sports governance regulations and rules from the perspective of criminal review,comprehensively considering the above-mentioned factors,and reasonably accepting the conclusion of doping testing and identification.