学科交叉视角下中国体育学学科性质探析--基于托尼·比彻学科分类理论

The Discipline Nature of China’s Physical Education from an Interdisciplinary Perspective--Based on Tony Becher’s Disciplinary Groupings

从学科交叉视角出发,基于托尼·比彻的学科分类理论,采用文献资料调研、引文分析、战略坐标分析等方法,对1981—2015年间中国体育学亲缘学科的学科性质演化历程进行考察,在此基础上对学科性质这一体育学基本理论问题进行探讨。研究结果表明:中国体育学学科性质具有流变性,整体向着“软性化”“实用化”的方向演变;中国体育学学科性质演化经历了恢复期(1981—1990年)、转型期(1991—2000年)、稳定期(2001—2015年)3个阶段;在学科间可通约性的规制下,中国体育学知识供体学科和知识受体学科性质变化呈现出趋同化特征;中国体育学是典型的综合性交叉学科,将体育学作为独立的学科门类设置或者是归属于交叉学科门类才能和体育学的学科性质更加契合。

From an interdisciplinary perspective and based on Tony Becher’s Disciplinary Groupings,this paper uses literature research,citation analysis,logic analysis,quadrant diagram analysis to investigate the evolution of the discipline nature of PE related disciplines in China from 1981 to 2015.On this basis,the nature of the PE discipline is discussed.The research results show that:the nature of PE in China is rheological,and the overall evolution is in the direction of“soft science”and“applied science”;the evolution of PE in China has gone through a recovery period(1981—1990),a transition period(1991—2000)and a stability period(2001—2015);under the regulation of interdisciplinary universality,the changes in the nature of knowledge-providing disciplines and knowledge-receiving disciplines in China’s physical education show assimilation.PE is a typical comprehensive interdisciplinary subject,and establishing PE as an independent category or putting it into the interdisciplinary category can be more in line with the discipline nature of PE.