基于环境因素的长爪沙鼠分布规律分析

Analysis on distribution of Meriones unguiculatus based on environmental factors

目的 探索环境因素对长爪沙鼠分布的影响,为鼠疫防控决策及风险评估提供理论依据。方法 将长爪沙鼠疫源地乌兰察布高原片区的16个疫源县作为研究区域,首先获得该区域2011—2020年鼠疫监测样方法数据、土壤类型数据和数字地形高程模型数据;然后利用空间分析工具QGIS提取研究区域土壤类型、坡度、坡向、海拔(等高线)分布数据;再利用空间分析方法探求长爪沙鼠的空间分布与上述因素的关系。结果 土壤类型、海拔、坡度、坡向等环境因素,均在不同程度上影响长爪沙鼠的分布。不同土壤类型上长爪沙鼠分布有差别,棕钙土有洞率明显高于栗钙土及其他土类,平均鼠密度低于其他土类;不同海拔高度上鼠洞分布差别有统计学意义,不同高度的海拔上鼠密度大小有差别;样方分布随坡度增加而减少的趋势明显,92.53%的样方分布在0~4坡段内,0~4坡度上鼠洞分布无差异,鼠密度大小分布有差异;阴坡、阳坡鼠洞分布有差异,阳坡鼠密度相对较高。结论 长爪沙鼠的分布与土壤类型、地貌类型(坡度、坡向、海拔)等环境因素有关,研究结论可为鼠疫风险评估提供理论支持。

Objective To explore the influence of environmental factors on the distribution of Meriones unguiculatus, and to provide theoretical basis for plague prevention and control and risk assessment.Methods The 16 banners and counties of the Wulanchabu plateau area and the adjacent area of the meriones unguiculatus plague natural focus were used as research areas, we obtained plague surveillance data of sample method, soil type data and the DEM;The spatial analysis tool QGIS was used to extract the distribution data of soil type, slope, aspect and altitude(contour) in the study area;Then the spatial analysis method was used to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of Meriones unguiculatus and the above factors.Results Soil type, altitude, slope, and aspect affect the distribution of meriones unguiculatus in various degrees.The distribution of meriones unguiculatus was different in various soil types, the hole rate of brown calcic soil was significantly higher than that of chestnut soil and other soils, the average rat density was lower than that of other soils;There were differences in rat holes and rat density at different altitudes, the difference was statistically significant;The quadrat distribution decreased obviously with the increase of slope, 92.53% of the quadrats were distributed in the 0-4 slope section, there was no difference in the distribution of rat holes on the slope of 0 to 4,but there was difference in the distribution of rat density;There were differences in the distribution of rat holes on different slopes, the density of rats in southern slope of a mountain was relatively high.Conclusions The distribution of Meriones unguiculatus is related to environmental factors such as soil types, landform types(slope, aspect and altitude).Conclusions can provide theoretical support for risk assessment of plague.