比例原则视野下高校教育惩戒的规范运行

The Standardized Exercise of Educational Disciplinary Power in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of the Proportionality Principle

近年来,高校教育惩戒权力滥用的现象频发,引发了社会的广泛关注。作为一种行政行为,高校教育惩戒可视为行政处罚在高等教育领域的“特别类型”。在高校自治语境下,高校在教育惩戒中拥有广泛的裁量权,但裁量正义的实现并未引起足够的重视。比例原则作为指导原则,具有矫正高校教育惩戒目的、平衡教育惩戒权与学生权利之间的冲突以及防范高校教育惩戒争议的规范价值。在具体适用中,比例原则对高校教育惩戒的规范步骤如下:首先,经由目的正当性原则明确违规行为的应受惩戒前提;其次,适当性原则关注高校行政事项的实现;再次,借助必要性原则实现对学生权利的最小侵害;最后,由均衡性原则进一步验证教育惩戒的实施价值。

In recent years,the abuse of disciplinary power in higher education has occurred frequently,which has aroused widespread concern in the society.As a kind of administrative behavior,higher education punishment can be regarded as a“special type”of administrative punishment in the field of higher education.In the context of university autonomy,colleges and universities have extensive discretion in education and punishment,but the realization of discretion justice has not attracted enough attention.The proportionality principle,as the guiding principle,has the normative value of correcting the purpose of higher education punishment,balancing the conflict between education punishment power and students’rights,and preventing higher education punishment disputes.In the specific application,the normative steps of the proportionality principle to the punishment of higher education are as follows:first,clarify the punishment premise of violations through the principle of legitimacy of purpose;secondly,the appropriateness principle pays attention to the realization of administrative matters in colleges and universities;thirdly,with the help of the principle of necessity to realize the minimum infringement on students’rights;and finally,the implementation value of punishment is further verified by the principle of balance.