德国和法国建设世界一流大学政策的共性争论与启示

Common Controversies and Enlightenment on the Policy of Building World-class Universities in Germany and France

建设世界一流大学已出现在多个国家的政策议程之中,德国和法国分别推出"卓越计划"和"卓越大学计划",旨在建设世界一流大学,提升国际竞争力。德法两国建设世界一流大学政策的制定与实施过程始终伴随着政策争论,其中共性政策争论体现在资金的可持续性、科研的重视程度、地区均衡、学科均衡、怎样看待大学排名、大学管理改革、世界一流大学与世界一流高等教育体系的关系等方面。借鉴其经验,我国要坚持推进"双一流"建设并以之带动高质量高等教育体系建设,注重均衡建设和协调发展,以"双一流"建设为驱动力加快高校治理能力和治理体系现代化,坚持正确评价导向。

Building world-class universities has appeared on the policy agenda of many countries.Germany and France respectively launched the“Excellence Initiative”and the“Initiatives d’Excellence”,aiming to build world-class universities and enhance international competitiveness.However,the process of formulating and implementing the policies in the two countries to build world-class universities is full of controversies.Common controversies focus on the sustainability of funds,the importance of scientific research,the balance of region and discipline,the attitude towards university rankings,the reform of university management,the relationship between world-class universities and a world-class higher education system.These common controversies can provide enlightenment:persisting in promoting the“Double-First Class”initiative and the construction of high quality higher education system,paying attention to balanced development and coordinated development,taking“DoubleFirst Class”initiative as the drive to advance the modernization of university’s system and capacity for governance,and adhering to correct evaluation orientation.