我国不同地区孕产妇贫血相关饮食摄入状况及影响因素分析

Analysis on dietary intake and its influencing factors related to maternal anemia in different regions of China

目的分析我国不同地区孕产妇贫血相关饮食摄入状况及其主要影响因素,为改善孕产妇贫血相关营养健康状况提供基础数据。方法2019年10月至2020年2月,以方便抽样原则在我国东、中、西部共抽取6个省(自治区)的1714名孕产妇作为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方式收集其人口学特征、主要的饮食摄入频次等情况,采用多因素Logistics回归分析相关影响因素。结果被调查的孕产妇中,在调查前的两周内,86.5%每天吃新鲜蔬菜,72.9%每天吃新鲜水果,50.9%每天摄入蛋类,49.7%每天喝奶,24.3%每天吃红肉,38.3%每周吃动物血或畜禽肝肾类,82.6%从未喝过浓茶。Logistic回归结果显示,相对于南方,北方的孕产妇每日摄入蔬菜的倾向性更低(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.453~0.948)、每日摄入红肉的倾向性更高(OR=1.610,95%CI:1.271~2.039)、每日摄入奶类的倾向性更高(OR=1.659,95%CI:1.327~2.074)、每日摄入蛋类的倾向性更高(OR=2.939,95%CI:2.234~3.867)、每日摄入浓茶的倾向性更高(OR=1.333,95%CI:1.022~1.740);相对于经产妇,初产妇每日摄入蔬菜的倾向性更低(OR=0.681,95%CI:0.472~0.983);相对于孕期未检测铁蛋白,孕期检测过铁蛋白的孕产妇每日摄入蔬菜的倾向性更高(OR=1.871,95%CI:1.254~2.790)、每日摄入水果的倾向性更高(OR=2.198,95%CI:1.612~2.997);相对于其他民族,汉族孕产妇每日摄入红肉的倾向性更低(OR=0.540,95%CI:0.381~0.765)、每日摄入浓茶的倾向性更高(OR=0.607,95%CI:0.419~0.880)。结论我国孕产妇,尤其对于南方和中东部地区的孕产妇和初产妇需要进行更多动物性食物和浓茶摄入的营养指导,确保孕期补充充足的营养素,保障孕产妇和胎儿的健康。

Objective To analyze the status of dietary intake status and its influencing factors among pregnant women in different areas of China,and to provide basic data for improving the nutritional health status of pregnant women.Methods From October 2019 to February 2020,6 provinces were selected from eastern,central and western China according to the principle of convenience sampling.And 1714 pregnant women were selected from 6 provinces(autonomous regions)according to the principle of random sampling.Their demographic characteristics and dietary intake frequency were collected by questionnaire survey,and influencing factors were analyzed by multi-factor logistics regression.Results Within the two weeks before the survey,86.5%of the pregnant women ate fresh vegetables everyday,72.9%ate fresh fruits everyday,50.9%ate eggs everyday,49.7%drank milk everyday,24.3%ate red meat everyday,38.3%ate animal blood or poultry liver and kidney every week,82.6%never drank strong tea.Logistic regression results showed that pregnant women in northern China had lower tendency of daily intake of vegetables(OR=0.656,95%CI:0.453-0.948),higher tendency of daily intake of red meat(OR=1.610,95%CI:1.271-2.039)and higher tendency of daily intake of milk(OR=1.659,95%CI:1.327-2.074),higher tendency of daily intake of eggs(OR=2.939,95%CI:2.234-3.867),higher tendency of daily intake of strong tea(OR=1.333,95%CI:1.022-1.740)compared with the south.Compared with parturient women,the tendency of daily intake of vegetables was lower(OR=0.681,95%CI:0.472-0.983).Compared with pregnant women without ferritin detection,pregnant women with ferritin detection had higher tendency to consume vegetables(OR=1.871,95%CI:1.254-2.790)and fruits daily(OR=2.198,95%CI:1.612-2.997).Compared with other ethnic groups,Han women had lower tendency to consume red meat daily(OR=0.540,95%CI:0.381-0.765)and higher tendency to consume strong tea daily(OR=0.607,95%CI:0.419-0.880).Conclusion More nutritional guidance is needed for pregnant women in the south and central and eastern regions to ensure adequate nutrition during pregnancy to ensure maternal and fetal health.