2011与2017年北京市朝阳区60~79岁居民高血压患病情况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and time trend of hypertension and related factors among residents aged 60-79 years old in Chaoyang District of Beijing

目的了解北京市朝阳区60~79岁老年居民高血压流行趋势及影响因素变化,为采取相应的防治措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法于2011和2017年在北京市朝阳区分别抽取1497和3122名60~79岁居民进行问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。结果北京市朝阳区2011、2017年60~79岁居民高血压患病率分别是48.7%、59.4%,标化患病率分别为49.7%、57.9%。2011和2017年两次调查期间朝阳区老年居民高血压患病趋势具体为:户籍类型为农村者、文化程度为初中及以下者、女性、吸烟者、患糖尿病、血脂异常者的高血压患病率均显著上升,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,地区、性别、年龄和有效锻炼均是60~79岁老年居民高血压患病的影响因素。高血压患病影响因素中变化具体表现为:与2011年相比,2017年糖尿病患者发生高血压的风险上升85.8%;血脂异常患者发生高血压的风险升高31.6%。户籍类型为农村者患高血压风险下降22.8%,此外女性和各年龄组患高血压风险均有所下降(P<0.01)。结论北京市朝阳区60~79岁老年居民高血压流行水平较高,建议在高血压防控工作中,应对农村、女性、高龄、合并糖尿病者应给予更多关注。

Objective To analyze the prevalence of hypertension among elderly residents in Chaoyang District,Beijing.Methods The elderly residents were selected with multi-stage stratified sampling in 2011(n=1497)and 2017(n=3122),and investigated withquestionnaire,physical examination,and laboratory test.Results Theprevalence of hypertension among residents aged 60-79 years old in Chaoyang District of Beijing in 2011 and 2017 were 48.7%and 59.4%(P<0.001).The prevalence in those with household registration in rural areas,education level of junior high school were increasedsignificantly.Also,the prevalence of hypertension were increased significantly among the elderly who were women,smokers,people with diabetes,and dyslipidemia(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that region,gender,age and effective exercise were the influencing factors of hypertension in elderly residents aged 60-79.Compared to 2011,the risk of hypertension in diabetic patients increased by 85.8%in 2017.The risk of hypertension in patients with dyslipidemia increased by 31.6%.The risk of hypertension in rural registered residence decreased by 22.8%,and the risk of hypertension in women and age groups decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension is high among residents aged 60-79 in Chaoyang District ofBeijing in 2011 and 2017.Rural areas,female,elderly,and people with diabetes or dyslipidemia should be given more attention.