成都市中餐馆减盐工作促进与阻碍因素评估

Barriers and facilitators of salt reduction in Chinese restaurants in Chengdu

目的了解餐馆减盐工作的促进与阻碍因素,以探索适合我国餐饮行业的有效减盐模式。方法采用方便抽样的方法在成都选取10家不同规模的餐馆作为调查开展的场所,由餐馆员工填写餐馆问卷,并在每家餐馆随机选择20名实际就餐的消费者进行问卷调查。召集餐馆的经营者、厨师和服务员参与焦点小组访谈。对访谈记录进行信息提取与整理,结合问卷调查结果,分析餐馆减盐的促进与阻碍因素。结果消费者的减盐态度较好,多数人(136/200,68%)愿意在吃饭时少放盐,但过半数(115/200,57.5%)认为自己口味适中。在大餐馆就餐的消费者对盐相关知识的知晓率相对偏低,且有更多人认为减盐会影响口味。小组访谈结果显示,餐馆经营者和厨师认为菜品减盐会导致口味下降,这亦是餐馆减盐的主要阻碍因素。促进因素则为顾客的需求、政策支持和宣传。结论餐馆减盐需要政策宣传与技术支持,更需要消费者提高健康意识,通过购买方的需求推动餐饮行业减盐工作。

Objective To understand the barriers and facilitators of salt reduction in restaurants,in order to explore the effective salt reduction model suitable for Chinese catering industry.Methods 10 restaurants of different sizes were randomly selected in Chengdu.Restaurant staffs finished the questionnaires.In each restaurant,20 consumers were randomly selected to finish consumer questionnaires.The operators,chefs and service staffs were gathered to join two focus group interviews.After data extraction and arrangement,the interview records were combined with the questionnaire survey results for analysis on barriers and facilitators of restaurant salt reduction.Results The consumers had good attitudes towards salt reduction.Most of them(136/200,68%)were willing to eat less salt in meals.While more than half consumers(115/200,57.5%)believed that they had a moderate taste.The consumers in big restaurants hadlower awareness of salt related knowledge,and more people believed that reducing salt would affect taste of dishes.The results of group interviews showed that restaurant operators and chefs thought that reducing salt in dishes would make the flavour worse,which was also the main barrier of restaurant salt reduction.The facilitators included customer demand,policy support and communication.Conclusion Salt reduction in restaurants needs policy advocacy and technical support,and more importantly,consumers need to improve their health awareness.The demand of buyers can be an effectivedrive force to promote salt reduction in restaurant food.