《红楼梦》三论:素材、成书及解构

A Dream of Red Mansions: Source of Materials, Process of Compiling and Deconstruction

非是即非,非真即伪,缺乏素材和过程意识,已不适应红学的发展。《红楼梦》一书由多素材纂撰而成,这是导致当今作者众说纷纭现象的根源,也是众多研究者起初的研究往往能给人以启迪、其后却形成附会的根源;五次增删反映着成书的过程,《红楼梦》的传抄存在着不同增删时期文本的混抄杂合,将现存版本均视作同一增删时期甚至均为最终文字,将会造成文本解读上的扭曲和研究上的困扰;多素材构成、增删改写、传抄中的混抄杂合等现象的并存,需要引入解构主义的新视角,将是非、真伪转向到早晚先后上来。在“百年红学”的转型之机,“多素材说”“过程说”和“解构主义”学说,应成为红学研究转型的突出话题。

In the course of the research on A Dream of Red Mansions, researchers won’t keep pace with the Redology development if they lack the awareness of source of materials and process of compiling. A Dream of Red Mansions is composed of multiple materials, which is the root cause of various authors’ different opinions and arguments. It is also the root cause of the phenomenon that many researchers’ initial researches can enlighten people, but give readers the impression that the researchers just give a strained interpretation with the researches being conducted further. In the course of circulation and making private copies of the manuscript, there are mixed texts in different periods, including additions and deletions to the manuscript. Taking the existing version as the one in the same addition and deletion period or even as the final version will cause distortion in text interpretation and confusion in research. In view of the above-mentioned factors, it is suggested that the perspective of deconstruction should be introduced into the research to analyze and identify the correctness and falseness of the corresponding materials and interpretations based on the texts in different periods. In the transformation of Redology in the new century, the theory of multi-materials, process theory and deconstruction theory should become prominent topics.