关中平原小麦品种穗部温度演替特征及其与产量的关系

Succession Characteristics of Ear Temperature and Its Relationship with Yield of Wheat Cultivars in Guanzhong Plain

为探究关中地区小麦品种穗部温度的演替特征及其与产量的关系,以关中平原过去80年主推品种为研究对象,对各品种开花期、花后7 d、花后14 d、花后21 d、花后28 d和成熟期穗部温度、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重和产量及其关系进行分析。结果表明,小麦品种开花期和花后穗部温度随审定年份的递进分别呈现逐渐升高和降低趋势,穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、穗粒重和产量均呈现逐渐增加趋势。开花期穗部温度与穗粒重、产量及其构成因素均呈正相关,而花后穗部温度与之均呈负相关。这说明穗部温度在开花期较高、在花后较低时有利于小麦产量形成,可作为小麦高产品种选育的参考指标。

In order to explore the succession characteristics of wheat ear temperature and its relationship with yield,an experiment was conducted with the main cultivars in Guanzhong plain in the past 80 years.The ear temperature was investigated on 0 days after anthesis(DAA0),DAA7,DAA14,DAA21,DAA28 and maturity stage.The ear number,grain number per ear,thousand-grain weight,grain weight per ear and yield were also examined.It was found that the ear temperature at anthesis showed a gradual increasing trend in the past 80 years,while the ear temperature after anthesis showed a decreasing trend by degrees.In the past 80 years,the ear number,grain number per ear,thousands grain weight,grain weight per ear and grain yield have an increasing trend.There was a positive correlation between ear temperature at flowering stage and yield,and yield components,but a negative relation was found between ear temperature after anthesis and the indicators.This study indicates that ear temperature can be used as a reference index for high yield cultivars breeding.