广东省成年职业运动员血脂异常调查

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult professional athletes in Guangdong Province

目的了解广东省成年职业运动员血脂异常情况,为开展职业运动员血脂筛查和健康管理提供依据。方法于2019年采用整群抽样方法抽取广东省足球、曲棍球和手球等12项运动的18~30岁在役运动员为调查对象,采用自行设计的问卷收集性别、年龄和运动项目资料;检测总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),计算非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(non-HDL-C)含量,分析不同性别和运动项目的运动员血脂异常情况。结果调查460人,年龄为(21.91±2.77)岁。男性245人,占53.26%;女性215人,占46.74%。检出血脂异常119例,检出率为25.87%;其中高TC血症、高TG血症、高LDL-C血症、低HDL-C血症和高non-HDL-C检出率分别为20.22%、5.87%、13.04%、3.26%和9.57%。男性运动员高TG血症、低HDL-C血症和高non-HDL-C检出率分别为9.39%、5.31%和12.24%,高于女性运动员的1.86%、0.93%和6.51%(χ^(2)=11.743、6.951、4.351,均P<0.05);男性运动员高TC血症检出率为17.96%,低于女性运动员的22.79%(χ^(2)=8.627,P<0.05)。不同运动项目的运动员血脂异常检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=47.552,P<0.05);其中棒球(34.29%)、垒球(37.04%)和射击/射箭(52.73%)运动员血脂异常检出率较高。结论广东省成年职业运动员血脂异常检出率为25.87%,以高TC血症合并高LDL-C血症为主,应重点关注男性运动员以及棒球、垒球、射击和射箭运动员血脂水平。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adult professional athletes in Guangdong Prov⁃ince,so as to provide insights into dyslipidemia screening and health management among professional athletes.Methods In 2019,active athletes at ages of 18 to 30 years were recruited from 12 provincial sports teams in Guangdong Prov⁃ince using a cluster sampling method.A self-designed questionnaire survey was conducted to collect gender,age and sport items,and the levels of triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)were detected.The non-HDL-C level was calculated,and the gender-and sport item-specific prevalence of dyslipidemia was estimated.Results Totally 460 athletes were investigated,including 245 males(53.26%)and 215 females(46.74%),with a mean age of(21.91±2.77)years.The overall detection of dyslip⁃idemia was 25.87%,and the detection rates of high TG,high TC,high LDL-C,low-HDL-C and high non-HDL-C were 20.22%,5.87%,13.04%,3.26%and 9.57%,respectively.The detection rates of high TG(9.39%vs.1.86%;χ^(2)=11.743,P<0.05),low HDL-C(5.31%vs.0.93%;χ^(2)=6.951,P<0.05)and high non-HDL-C(12.24%vs.6.51%;χ^(2)=4.351,P<0.05)were significantly greater in men than in women,and the detection of high TC was lower in men than in women(17.96%vs.22.79%;χ^(2)=8.627,P<0.05).There was a significant difference in the detection of dyslipidemia among athletes engaging in different sport items(χ^(2)=47.552,P<0.05),and a high detection rate of dyslipidemia was seen in baseball athletes(34.29%),softball athletes(37.04%),shooting/archery athletes(52.73%).Conclusions The prev⁃alence of dyslipidemia was 25.87%among adult professional athletes in Guangdong Province,and high TC in combina⁃tion with high LDL-C were the predominant type of dyslipidemia.The management of blood lipids should be given a high priority to male athletes and baseball,softball and shooting/archery athletes.