番禺区中小学生伤害特征分析

Characteristics of injuries among primary and middle school students in Panyu District

目的分析广州市番禺区中小学生伤害特征,为制定中小学生伤害预防和干预措施提供依据。方法收集2014—2019年在番禺区中心医院因伤害首诊的6~18岁中小学生病例资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析中小学生伤害病例的人群分布、伤害发生原因、伤害发生时间和地点等特征。结果2014—2019年番禺区共报告中小学生伤害10833例,其中男生7401例,女生3432例,男女性别比为2.16∶1;小学生6903例,占63.72%。伤害发生原因主要为跌倒/坠落、动物伤、钝器伤、刀/锐器伤和交通伤害,分别为4457、2593、1682、923和731例,占41.14%、23.94%、15.53%、8.52%和6.75%。伤害发生地点主要为家、学校与公共场所、公路/街道,分别为4267、3184和1854例,占39.39%、29.39%和17.11%。伤害发生时间以8—10月为主,3289例占30.36%。伤害发生时活动主要为休闲活动、生命活动和体育活动,分别为3860、2662和1929例,占35.63%、24.57%和17.81%。伤害性质主要为挫伤/擦伤、锐器伤/咬伤/开放伤和骨折,分别为4528、4019和871例,占41.80%、37.10%和8.04%。伤害部位主要为上肢,3552例占32.79%。轻度伤害9877例,占91.18%。治疗后离开10451例,占96.47%。结论番禺区中小学生伤害主要原因为跌倒/坠落,男生和小学生是伤害发生的高危人群。应重视家庭防范,加强中小学生长假期间和休闲活动时的伤害宣传教育。

Objective To investigate the injury characteristics among primary and middle school students in Panyu Dis⁃trict,Guangzhou City,so as to provide the evidence for developing the strategies for prevention and control of injuries.Methods The data of 6 to 18 years old primary and middle school students with initial diagnosis of injury at Panyu District Central Hospital from 2014 to 2019 were collected.The basic characteristics of injury cases,the causes,time and place of injury development were analyzed by a descriptive epidemiological method.Results Totally 10833 prima⁃ry and middle school students with injury were reported in Panyu District from 2014 to 2019,including 7401 boys and 3432 girls,with a boy/girl ratio of 2.16∶1.The injury predominantly occurred in primary school students(6903 cases,63.72%).The causes of injury mainly included fall(4457 cases,41.14%),animal injury(2593 cases,23.94%),blunt injury(1682 cases,15.53%),knife/sharp instrument injury(923 cases,8.52%)and traffic injury(731 cases,6.75%).The place of injury development mainly included home(4267 cases,39.39%),school and public place(3184 cases,29.39%),and road/street(1854 cases,17.11%).The injury predominantly occurred from August to October(3289 cases,30.36%),and the activities at the time of injury mainly included leisure activities(3860 cases,35.63%),life ac⁃tivities(2662 cases,24.57%)and sports(1929 cases,17.81%).The characteristics of injury mainly included contusion/abrasion(4528 cases,41.80%),sharp instrument/bite/open injury(4019 cases,37.10%)and fracture(871 cases,8.04%),and the upper limb was the main injury site(3552 cases,32.79%).There were 9877 cases with mild inju⁃ries(91.18%),and 10451 cases left hospitals after seeing a doctor(96.47%).Conclusions Fall is the main causes of injury among primary and middle school students in Panyu District,and boys and primary school students are high-risk groups for injury.Family prevention should be emphasized,and health education pertaining to injury should be intensi⁃fied among students during the long holidays and leisure activities.