埃塞俄比亚铁矿资源分布及找矿潜力

The distribution and prospecting potential of iron ore resources in Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚位于东非造山带,属于“泛非构造带”,阿拉伯—努比亚地盾南部与莫桑比克带北部的接触带上。前寒武纪变质岩及其同构造侵入岩和后期侵入岩构成的基地变质杂岩主要分布于埃塞俄比亚北部、西部、南部和东部地区。铁矿资源主要分布在前寒武纪变质岩带上,主要有三种类型:(1)前寒武纪基性侵入体的铁钛矿;(2)与前寒武纪含铁石英岩有关的条带状磁铁矿;(3)次生红土和铁帽型。本文综合埃塞俄比亚以往地质资料,结合典型矿床特征和部分实地踏勘结果,初步判断埃塞俄比亚的铁矿资源集中分布在3个成矿远景区上:西部、南部和北部。其中埃塞俄比亚北部和西部地区具有岩浆型矿床(钒钛磁铁矿型)和条带状磁铁矿的找矿潜力,南部具有较好的岩浆型矿床(钒钛磁铁矿型)找矿潜力,本文可为我国相关行业赴埃塞俄比亚投资勘查提供基础地质资料和依据。

The Ethiopia region is related to the“Pan-African”orogeny,which occupies a position of particular interest lying at the interface between the predominantly gneissic terranes of the Mozambique Belt to the south in East Africa and the Arabian-Nubian Shield to the north.The Precambrian metamorphic rocks with associated syn-to post-tectonic intrusions which form the Basement complex.These rocks are mainly exposed in northern(Tigray),western(Wollega),southern(Sidamo)and eastern(Harar).Iron occurrences are identified in many areas in Ethiopia,which belong to three main types:(1)Precambrian basic intrusion-hosted Fe-Ti tpye;(2)banded iron formation(BIF)type occurences associated with Precambrian ferruginous quartzites and(3)secondary laterite and/or gossan-related deposits.Based on the past papers,data,typical ore deposits and reconnaissance,this paper discusses the prospecting potential of iron deposits in Ethiopia and thinks that the deposits belong to three mainly metallogenic province.It is a good potential for iron deposits in western and southern Ethiopia.