引入反向抵押权制度的理论证成与建构

Theoretical Justification and Construction of Reverse Mortgage System

反向抵押权作为以房养老的一种形式,将房产转换为老年生活所需资源,以弥补社会福利的不足,对解决养老问题具有重要作用。我国已有的反向抵押权实践受挫,主因是缺乏法律制度保障。因此有必要引入反向抵押权制度,为反向抵押实践顺利开展保驾护航。引入反向抵押权面临的建设用地使用权续期、宅基地使用权流转等法律障碍并不是不可突破的。反向抵押权制度具有居住权制度和遗赠扶养协议不具有的独特制度功能,且与物权法定原则、流质契约禁止并不构成真正的“龃龉”。反向抵押权可在民法典物权编的抵押权一章中独立设立一节,从设立、公示、效力、实行、消灭等方面进行法条设计,使反向抵押权运行具有可操作性。

Reverse mortgage,as a form of house-for-pension,converts real estate into resources needed for old-age life to make up for the lack of social welfare,and plays an important role in solving the pension problem.The existing practice of reverse mortgage in China has been challenged mainly because of the lack of legal protection.Therefore,it is necessary to introduce a reverse mortgage system to provide strong guarantee for reverse mortgage practice.Legal obstacles such as the renewal of construction land use rights and the transfer of homestead use rights faced by the introduction of reverse mortgage rights are not unbreakable.The reverse mortgage system has a unique system function that the residency system and the legacy-support agreement do not have,and it does not constitute a real discord with the legal principle of property rights and the prohibition of liquidity contracts.The reverse mortgage can be independently set up in the chapter on mortgage in the part of property rights of the Civil Code,and the laws and regulations can be designed from the aspects of establishment,publicity,validity,implementation,and elimination,to make the reverse mortgage rights operable.