黄河流域城市土地利用效率时空差异及影响因素研究

Analysis on Spatial-temporal Differences and Influencing Factors of Urban Land Use Efficiency in the Yellow River Basin

基于非期望产出的超效率SBM模型测算了黄河流域2011—2018年59个城市的土地利用效率,并借助面板模型实证分析了其影响因素。结果表明,黄河流域城市土地利用效率呈现先下降后上升的趋势,各地区间差异明显,黄河上游城市土地利用效率最高,中游次之,下游最低;从空间特征上看,黄河流域城市土地利用效率空间分布上呈现高(低)集聚态势,黄河“几”字内部的城市土地利用效率较高;从影响因素上看,经济发展水平与城市土地利用效率之间存在先降后升的U形曲线关系,产业结构、人口规模、土地市场化和科技水平对城市土地利用效率有正向影响,环境规制则有显著抑制作用。各影响因素对黄河流域上游、中游和下游三个地区的影响存在差异。最后提出黄河流域应该兼顾经济发展与生态保护,改变经济增长方式,加快产业结构升级,各地方政府应引进人才,加大科技投入,促进土地利用技术的改善,从而提高城市土地利用效率。

This study uses the SBM super-efficiency model of considering undesirable output to calculate the urban land use efficiency of 59 cities in the Yellow River Basin from 2011 to 2018,and uses the panel data model to empirically analyze the influencing factors of the urban land use efficiency of the basin.The results show that the urban land use efficiency of the basin indicates a trend of declining first and then rising,and the regional differences are obvious,with the highest efficiency in the upper reaches,followed by the middle reaches and the lowest is found in the lower reaches.In terms of the spatial characteristics,the spatial distribution of urban land use efficiency shows a trend of high(low)agglomeration.The efficiency is higher in the inside of the“几”shaped river bend of the Yellow River.From the analysis of influencing factors,there is a U-shaped relationship between the level of economic development and the land use efficiency.Industrial structure,population size,the degree of land marketization and the level of science and technology have a positive impact on the land use efficiency of the basin;however,environmental regulation has a negative impact.The roles of various factors are different in the upper,middle and lower reaches.Finally,it proposes that the Yellow River Basin should take account of economic development and ecological protection,change the mode of economic growth,and accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure.Local governments should introduce talents,increase spending on science and technology,and promote the improvement of land use technology to improve urban land use efficiency of the basin.