我国西部城市全要素生产率及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Total Factor Productivity and Influencing Factors of Urban Economic Growth in Western China

基于1999—2019年的面板数据,运用Malmquist指数法对西部地区88个地级及以上城市全要素生产率进行了估算及分解。研究结果表明,西部大开发战略实施以来西部城市全要素生产率得到了有效提升,其中技术进步是全要素生产率提升的主要原因,而技术效率未得到有效改善且制约了全要素生产率的增长。从城市的效率分布特征来看,多数城市经济发展并非只是投入型增长,仍然存在地区间全要素生产率改善程度不均衡的情况。此外,经济增长与基础设施建设对全要素生产率增长具有显著正向影响,而政府行为、资本深化程度对其产生了负向影响。研究认为,西部城市应加快转变经济增长方式,推动产业转型升级,提升自主创新能力,加大基础设施建设力度,促进生产要素有效流动及资源合理配置。

Based on the panel data from 1999 to 2019, this paper uses the Malmquist index method to estimate and resolve the total factor productivity of 88 cities at prefecture level and above in the western region. The results show that the total factor productivity of western cities has been effectively improved since the implementation of the western development strategy, and technological progress is the main reason for the improvement of total factor productivity, while the decline of technical efficiency restricts the growth of total factor productivity. In terms of the characteristics of urban efficiency distribution, although there is input growth in the economic development of most cities, the uneven improvement of total factor productivity among regions still exists. Economic growth and infrastructure construction significantly promote the improvement of total factor productivity, while there is a significant negative correlation among government behavior, the degree of capital deepening and total factor productivity. The study shows that western cities should speed up the transformation of the mode of economic growth, optimize industrial structure, enhance the ability of independent innovation, improve infrastructure, and promote the effective flow of factors and rational allocation of resources.