加入WTO后中国吸引外商直接投资质量评价研究

Research on the Evaluation of Quality of China’s Foreign Direct Investment after China’s Entry into WTO

从引进质量和利用质量两方面界定中国吸引FDI质量的内涵。在分析引进FDI质量和利用FDI质量影响因素的基础上,建立中国吸引FDI质量的评价体系。运用因子分析法对入世后中国吸引FDI质量进行评价。研究发现,中国吸引FDI质量在2001—2014年期间不断上升,2015年起开始下降,原因是数量型因子的大幅下降。中国FDI质量结构已从由数量型因子推动转变为由质量型因子推动。2018年以来,中美贸易摩擦加剧对中国引进FDI质量产生负面冲击,但对利用FDI质量产生了相反影响。为提升中国吸引外商直接投资质量,应进一步缩减外资准入负面清单,吸引大规模FDI项目进入高新技术产业;加强区域经济合作,增加来自其他发达国家的外商直接投资;建设良好的营商环境,扩大知识产权保护制度范围;提升环境保护力度,积极引进环保型外商直接投资。

This paper defines the quality of China’s FDI from two aspects: introduction quality and utilization quality. On the basis of analysis of influencing factors in both aspects respectively, we build an evaluation system of the quality of FDI in China. Using principal component analysis to evaluate the quality of FDI in China, we found that the quality of FDI in China continued rising during the period of 2001-2014, then began to decline in 2015, which was mainly caused by the sharp decline of the quantitative factors. The quality structure of FDI in China has changed, whose main driven factors has shifted from quantitative factors to qualitative factors. US trade friction with China has a negative impact on introduction quality of FDI in China. However, it has an opposite impact on utilization quality of FDI. In order to improve the quality of FDI in China, we put forward some suggestions in this paper. The government should further shorten negative lists for foreign investment and attract large-scale FDI projects in high-tech industries. It should strengthen regional economic cooperation and attract FDI from other developed countries. It should create a favorable business environment and expand the scope of intellectual property protection system. At last, it should intensify the efforts to further enhance environment protection and actively introduce direct investment of environmentally friendly foreign business.